Table 2.
Two-Week Global White Matter Axial Diffusivity Is Independently Associated with Incomplete Recovery (GOSE <8 vs. = 8 at Six Months Post-Injury (n = 356)
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | Wald Chisq | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.01 | (0.99, 1.03) | 0.28 | 0.59 |
| Sex (Female vs. Male) | 2.05 | (1.25, 3.39) | 7.94 | 0.005 |
| Race | 2.08 | 0.35 | ||
| Black vs. White | 0.74 | (0.40, 1.36) | ||
| Other vs. White | 0.60 | (0.27, 1.37) | ||
| Ethnicity (Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic) | 1.21 | (0.63, 2.34) | 0.32 | 0.57 |
| Years of education | 0.94 | (0.85, 1.03) | 1.88 | 0.17 |
| Injury mechanism (Assault/violence vs. accidental) | 1.74 | (0.67, 4.50) | 1.28 | 0.26 |
| Psychiatric history (Yes vs. No) | 1.90 | (1.03, 3.50) | 4.24 | 0.040 |
| Prior TBI (Yes vs. No) | 1.86 | (1.16, 2.99) | 6.55 | 0.010 |
| Head CT (Positive vs. Negative) | 1.54 | (0.93, 2.55) | 2.83 | 0.09 |
| Global AD (standardized) | 0.77 | (0.61, 0.96) | 5.20 | 0.023 |
GOSE, Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended; CI, confidence interval; WM, white matter; Wald Chisq,, Wald chi square; TBI, traumatic brain injury; CT, computed tomography; AD, axial diffusivity.
*
C–index of the model = 0.677, compared with the model without global axial diffusivity (C-index = 0.655); the improvement was not significant.