Table 4.

Typically performed procedures encompassing gender-affirming facial surgery

GFS for feminization	GFS for masculinization
Upper face	Upper face
Hairline advancement	Masculinizing frontal cranioplasty
Temporal recession reduction
Feminizing frontal cranioplasty
Brow lift
Midface	Midface
Cheek augmentation	Cheek augmentation
Rhinoplasty (reduction)	Rhinoplasty (augmentation)
Alar base narrowing	Buccal fat removal
Lip lift
Lower face	Lower face
Lip augmentation	Mandible augmentation
Lip lift	Submental liposuction
Mandible reduction	Chondrolaryngoplasty
Submental liposuction
Chondrolaryngoplasty
Facial skin
Face lift
Neck lift

The bolded procedures are supported by anatomical comparative data from this analysis. All procedures that are not bolded are not directly assessed by these data, so a conclusion regarding sex difference cannot be made.

GFS, gender-affirming facial surgery.