Table 4.
Summary of the patent applications claiming the use of selenium to prevent/treat COVID-19.
| Patent application number (Applicant; Filing country; Publication date; Status) | Status (Family members as of June 27, 2022) | Summary of the claimed invention |
|---|---|---|
|
US2021322464A1 (Ghoweba Mohamed Samir Elsayed; United States; October 21, 2021) |
Under examination (WO2021216581A1) |
A method of treating COVID-19 by administering a bolus dose (1000–6000 μg/ day) of selenium in the form of its pharmaceutically acceptable form (selenium hydride, sodium selenite, selenic acid, selenium dioxide, selenium, SeMet, SeC, selenodiglutathione, dimethyl selenoxide, selenocystamine, selenomethyl SeC, selenated yeasts, etc.) followed by a continuous dose of selenium (1000–1600 μg/day), and monitoring the patient for certain parameters (levels of selenium, oxygen, enzymes, platelets, ferritin, total bilirubin, white blood cell counts, complete blood counts, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction). The patent application states the utilization of selenium as an antioxidant, cytokine modulator, antiviral, immune booster, anti-apoptotic, and anticoagulant to treat/prevent COVID-19. This study provides prophetic examples for the intravenous/oral use of selenium (as Selenious Acid) to treat COVID-19 patients[56]. |
|
WO2021263206A1 (Prothione; United States; December 30, 2021) |
No national phase entry (None) |
A composition comprising glutathione precursor (glycine, L-cystine, and a glutamate source) and a selenium compound (SeMet, selenite, methyl SeC, or selenium nanoparticles)[57]. |
|
US2022047545A1 (Rath Matthias W; United States; February 17, 2022) |
Under examination (WO2022034549A1) |
A micronutrient-based composition containing many nutrients (selenium, polyphenols, plant extracts, alkaloids, stilbenes, terpenes, volatile oils, vitamins, fatty acids, and amino acids) to treat COVID-19. This patent application demonstrates the effect of the selenium (2–500 µg) containing composition on the expression of the ACE-2 receptor and replication of SARS-CoV-2[58]. |
|
WO2022035869A1 (HSIA, Houn Simon; United States; February 17, 2022) |
No national phase entry (None) |
A composition containing fish oil (up to 20 g/day) and selenium (1000–10000 pg/day) to treat COVID-19. This composition may optionally contain coenzyme Q10. The patent application demonstrates apoptotic effects against SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory effects of the claimed composition against pro-inflammatory substances[59]. |
|
CN113004358A (Niuao Weite Chengdu Biotechnology Company Limited; China; June 22, 2021) |
Under examination (None) |
Selenothymidine-5′-triphosphate compounds[60]. |
|
CN112914109A (Chen Yuxiang; China; June 8, 2021) |
Under examination (None) |
Peptide nano-selenium compounds[61] |
|
CN111248231A (Baishan Fengshou Bee Products Technology Development Company Limited; China; June 9, 2020) |
Application withdrawn (None) |
Selenium-based disinfectants[62] |
|
US2022105110A1 (Lalvani Kartar Singh; Europe; April 7, 2022) |
Under examination (None) |
A composition containing aspirin, promethazine, and niacinamide, which may optionally contain selenium, zinc, vitamins, etc.[63] |
|
US2022040228A1 (Gaertner Frank; United States; February 10, 2022) |
Under examination (None) |
A composition consisting of zinc, elderberry fruit extract blend, vitamins (A, C, D3, E, B6, B12, folate), selenium, Echinacea, garlic allicin, and elderberry fruit extract[64]. |
|
CN113208020A (Guo Lifeng; China; August 6, 2021) |
Under examination (None) |
An immune booster herbal drink containing larch extract, echinacea, and Ganoderma lucidum, which may optionally contain vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, and taurine[65]. |
|
RU2763189C1 (Smart Aqua; Russia; December 28, 2021) |
Patented case (None) |
An immune booster liquid composition comprising vitamins (C, D3, B6, B9, B12), succinic acid, selenium, zinc, magnesium citrate, and Bor[66]. |
|
CN113831302A (Shandong University; China; December 24, 2021) |
Under examination (None) |
Benzisoselenazolone derivatives[67] |
|
CN112515162A (Song Jiaoyu; China; March 19, 2021) |
Under examination (None) |
A selenium-enriched herbal composition comprising many herbs, including areca nut, cinnamon oil, and sweet potato[68] |
|
CN111631404A (Chongqing Zhenminrun Technology Company Limited; China; September 8, 2020) |
Under examination (None) |
A palm oil-linseed oil-based nutritional composition comprising fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A and fat-soluble vitamin D), and minerals (selenium, zinc, and copper)[69] |
|
CN111333667B (Zhejiang University of Technology; China; June 26, 2020) |
Patented case (None) |
Selenium-containing heterocyclic naphthalimide derivative[70] |
|
FR3109299A1 (Hamdan Sami; France; October 22, 2021) |
Lapsed (None) |
A composition comprising arthemeter, azithromycin, vitamin C, selenium, zinc, and vitamin D[71] |
|
DE202021105157U1 (Rittinghausen Reiner; Germany; October 13, 2021) |
Under examination (None) |
An immunity booster composition of Lactobacillus coryniformis, selenium, and zinc[72] |
|
WO2021255464A1 (Hahn Norman; United Kingdom; December 23, 2021) |
No national phase entry (None) |
A composition obtained by combining curcumin powder, vitamin C, grape seed extract, quercetin, vitamin D3, vitamin K2, zinc gluconate, Astragalus root extract, L-SeMet, vitamin B12, vitamin A acetate, glutathione, Boswellia resin extract, potassium sorbate, stevia, and flavor (mango)[73]. |
|
US2021315910A1 (Stafford Vivi Robyn; United States; October 14, 2021) |
Abandoned (None) |
A composition containing doxycycline and immunity booster (selenium, zinc, quercetin, copper, vitamins, etc.)[74] |
|
WO2021191864A1 (Dound Yogesh; India; September 30, 2021) |
No national phase entry (None) |
A composition of selenium, zinc, vitamin C, vitamin K2–7, and curcumin, which may optionally contain other vitamins (A, B, and D)[75] |
| US11278520B2 (Hazan Sabine; United States; September 30, 2021) | Patented case (None) |
Composition of vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc, that may optionally contain selenium[76] |
|
WO2021074706A1 (Alsec Alimentos Secos; Columbia; April 22, 2021) |
Entered in Columbia and is under examination (CO2021008245A2) |
An immunomodulatory herbal food product that may optionally contain selenium[77] |
|
US2022040228A1 (Gaertner Frank; United States; February 10, 2022) |
Under examination (None) |
A zinc composition that may optionally contain additional components like additional components including a zinc ionophore, vitamins, folate, selenium, garlic, and/or Echinacea. The zinc ionophore can be elderberry. The vitamins can include vitamins (A, C, D3, E, B6, and B12)[78] |
|
WO2022051713A1 (The University of Chicago; United States; March 10, 2022) |
None (No national phase entry) |
A composition of amphiphilic block copolymer (ABC) (poloxamer 108, poloxamer 188, poloxamer 238, and poloxamine T1107) and an antioxidant (ascorbate, selenium, tocopherol, glutathione, N-acetyl-cysteine, lipoic acid, coenzyme Q-10, lycopene, lutein, etc.). This application does not exemplify the outcome of the combination of selenium and ABC against SARS-CoV-2[79]. |
|
WO2022031744A2 (Gowey Research Group; United States; February 10, 2022) |
No national phase entry (WO2022031744A3) |
A composition comprising keratin extracts and a cofactor (selenium, magnesium, zinc, chromium, vitamins, etc.). Keratins are used as a carrier to transfer cofactors into the target site (cell and nucleus). There is no example demonstrating anti-COVID-19 activity of the composition of selenium and keratins[80]. |