Table 2.

Changes in self-efficacy scores at different time points (‾x ± s).

Group	Time point	GSES
Joint group (n = 49)	T1	10.23 ± 1.01
	T2	19.63 ± 1.12
	T3	29.43 ± 1.25
	T4	37.55 ± 2.02
Traditional group (n = 49)	T1	10.19 ± 1.21
	T2	16.43 ± 1.02
	T3	22.43 ± 1.15
	T4	32.55 ± 1.62
F time point		455.768
P time point		<0.001
F point ∗ group		517.105
P point ∗ group		<0.001