Table 2.
Study lesions and index procedure characteristics and in-stent velocities at follow-up.
| DM (n = 45) | Non-DM (n = 61) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RICA (n, %) | 25 (55.6) | 32 (52.5) | 0.75 |
| Both sides (n, %) | 4 (8.9) | 1 (1.6) | 0.08 |
| Diameter stenosis; QCA (%) | 84.1 ± 0.09 | 82.2 ± 0.10 | 0.34 |
| Lesion length (mm) | 18.7 ± 6.28 | 20.4 ± 5.60 | 0.15 |
| Plaque type | |||
| Type 1 (%)∗ | 12 (26.7) | 6 (9.8) | 0.02 |
| Type 2 (%)∗ | 16 (35.6) | 17 (27.9) | 0.40 |
| Type 3 (%)∗ | 4 (8.9) | 16 (26.2) | 0.02 |
| Type 4 (%)∗ | 4 (8.9) | 14 (22.9) | 0.06 |
| Type 5 (%)∗ | 9 (20.0) | 8 (13.1) | 0.34 |
| Type 1+2 (%)∗ | 28 (62.2) | 23 (37.7) | 0.01 |
| Type 1+2+5 (%)∗ | 37 (82.2) | 31 (50.8) | <0.001 |
| Baseline PSV (m/s) | 3.64 ± 1.06 | 3.75 ± 1.3 | 0.65 |
| Baseline EDV (m/s) | 1.21 ± 0.59 | 1.28 ± 0.72 | 0.58 |
| Proximal EPD (n, %) | 27 (60) | 22 (36.1) | 0.014 |
| Distal EPD (n, %) | 18 (40) | 39 (63.9) | |
| Direct stenting (n, %) | 3 (6.7) | 6 (9.8) | 0.56 |
| Max. postdilatation pressure (mean ± SD; atm) | 20.22 ± 3.44 | 19.31 ± 4.44 | 0.18 |
| Postdilatation balloon catheter diameter (mean ± SD; mm) | 5.12 ± 0.34 | 5.24 ± 0.34 | 0.09 |
| Residual diameter stenosis; QCA (%) | 6.1 ± 0.08 | 5.9 ± 0.05 | 0.84 |
| Stent diameter (mean ± SD; mm) | 8.13 ± 0.73 | 8.21 ± 0.69 | 0.57 |
| Stent length (mean ± SD; mm) | 32.22 ± 4.2 | 33.61 ± 7.97 | 0.25 |
| Vascular closure device use (n, %) | 24 (53) | 35 (57) | 0.68 |
| 30-day follow-up | |||
| PSV (m/s ± SD) | 0.73 ± 0.34 | 0.64 ± 0.24 | 0.17 |
| EDV (m/s ± SD) | 0.18 ± 0.08 | 0.17 ± 0.07 | 0.60 |
| 12-month follow-up | |||
| PSV (m/s ± SD) | 0.87 ± 0.59 | 0.78 ± 0.31 | 0.37 |
| EDV (m/s ± SD) | 0.22 ± 0.18 | 0.21 ± 0.09 | 0.74 |
RICA: right internal carotid artery; QCA: quantitative comparative analysis; PSV: peak systolic velocity; EDV: end diastolic velocity; EPD: embolic protection device. Note that continuous variables presented as mean ± SD; ∗DUS plaque type according to Gray-Weale classification (type 1: uniformly unechoic or hypoechoic; type 2: predominantly (>50%) hypoechoic; type 3: predominantly (>50%) hyperechoic; type 4: uniformly hyperechoic; type 5: uniformly echogenic with posterior shadowing (calcified plaque)) [14].