Table 2.
Differences in outcome measures between pre- and post-intervention
| Variables | Intervention |
Mean difference
(95% CI) |
Magnitude | P values | |
| Pre | Post | ||||
| Metabolic control | |||||
| Glucose# (mmol/L) | 12.61 ± 2.69 | 9.47 ± 2.66 | –3.14
(–3.45, –2.84) |
r = 0.62 | < 0.001 |
| Lipid profile | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 8.64 ± 0.85 | 7.1 ± 0.78 | –1.54
(–1.18, 1.90) |
µ2 = 0.88 | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides# (mmol/L) | 4.03 ± 1.10 | 2.07 ± 0.27 | –1.96
(–2.29, –1.63) |
r = 0.62 | < 0.001 |
| HDL# (mmol/L) | 0.89 ± 0.11 | 1.68 ± 0.20 | 0.79
(0.73, 0.86) |
r = 0.62 | < 0.001 |
| LDL# (mmol/L) | 5.98 ± 0.99 | 4.74 ± 0.63 | –1.30
(–1.50, –1.10) |
r = 0.61 | < 0.001 |
| Liver function | |||||
| AST (U/L) | 39.30 ± 9.62 | 22.87 ± 5.62 | –16.43
(–18.91, –13.93) |
µ2 = 0.82 | < 0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 42.73 ± 11.71 | 24.05 ± 6.80 | –18.67
(–21.77, –15.58) |
µ2 = 0.79 | < 0.001 |
| Gamma-GT (U/L) | 37.70 ± 11.37 | 20.07 ± 6.71 | –17.62
(–20.58, –14.67) |
µ2 = 0.79 | < 0.001 |
| Renal function | |||||
| Urea (mmol/L) | 8.52 ±1.25 | 6.26 ± 1.17 | –2.25
(–2.47, –2.03) |
µ2 = 0.92 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine# (μmol/L) | 101.15 ± 7.06 | 84.55 ± 10.77 | –16.60
(–18.64, –14.59) |
r = 0.62 | < 0.001 |
| Uric acid# (μmol/L) | 348.36 ± 48.54 | 292.21 ± 50.58 | –56.15
(–66.18, –46.12) |
r = 0.62 | < 0.001 |
| Inflammation | |||||
| C-reactive protein | 5.52 ± 1.77 | 3.46 ± 1.51 | –2.06
(–2.40, –1.73) |
µ2 = 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| Sedimentation (mm/h) | 15.23 ± 4.31 | 10.43 ± 3.79 | –4.80
(–6.14, –3.45) |
µ2 = 0.58 | < 0.001 |
# Data analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
HDL: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
LDL: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
ALT: Alanine aminotransferase
AST: Aspartate aminotransferase
Gamma-GT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase