Table 2.
Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer incidence and mortality among patients with stress-related disorders, compared with their matched unexposed individuals or unaffected full siblings
| Model information | Cancer incidence | Cancer mortality | |||
| No of cases (incidence a ) in exposed/unexposed individuals | HR (95% CI) | No of cases (mortality a ) in exposed/unexposed individuals | HR (95% CI) | ||
| Population-matched cohort | Sex, birth year | 6918 (4.64)/65,742 (4.41) | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | 2006 (1.32)/15,756 (1.04) | 1.34 (1.28–1.41) |
| As above + educational level, family income level, marital status | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | 1.23 (1.17–1.29) | |||
| As above + family history of cancer | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | 1.23 (1.17–1.29) | |||
| As above + Charlson comorbidity index | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 1.20 (1.14–1.26) | |||
| As above + history of substance use disorders | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 1.13 (1.07–1.18) | |||
| Full adjusted HRs for subtypes of stress-related disorders | |||||
| PTSD | 353 (3.89)/3607 (4.02) | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 117 (1.27)/817 (0.89) | 1.35 (1.10–1.66) | |
| Acute stress reactions | 2836 (4.53)/26,869 (4.30) | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | 829 (1.30)/6284 (0.99) | 1.13 (1.05–1.23) | |
| Adjustment disorder and other stress reactions | 2989 (4.79)/27,667 (4.47) | 1.04 (1.01–1.09) | 760 (1.19)/6223 (0.99) | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | |
| Sibling cohort | Sex, birth year | 4073 (4.43)/8598 (4.92) | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 1136 (1.21)/2377 (1.33) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) |
| As above + educational level, family income level, marital status | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | |||
| As above + Charlson comorbidity index | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 1.14 (1.05–1.24) | |||
| As above + history of substance use disorders | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 1.09 (1.00-1.19) | |||
| Full adjusted HRs for subtypes of stress-related disorders | |||||
| PTSD | 206 (3.76)/448 (4.42) | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 63 (1.13)/138 (1.34) | 1.00 (0.69–1.46) | |
| Acute stress reactions | 1699 (4.40)/3599 (4.91) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 489 (1.25)/993 (1.33) | 1.16 (1.02–1.33) | |
| Adjustment disorder and other stress reactions | 1750 (4.51)/3558 (4.99) | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | 435 (1.10)/901 (1.24) | 1.08 (0.95–1.24) | |
a Per 1,000 person years