Table 3.
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer incidence and mortality among patients with stress-related disorders, compared with their matched unexposed individuals or unaffected full siblings, by different types of cancer
| Cancer types | Cancer incidence | Cancer mortality | |||
| No of cases (incidence a ) in exposed/unexposed individuals | HR (95% CI) | No of cases (mortality a ) in exposed/unexposed individuals | HR (95% CI) | ||
| Population-matched cohort b | Hematological malignancy | 461 (0.31)/4522 (0.30) | 1.04 (0.94–1.14) | 126 (0.08)/1153 (0.08) | 1.05 (0.86–1.27) |
| Hormone-related cancer | 2418 (1.62)/25,722 (1.73) | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) | 316 (0.21)/2625 (0.17) | 1.20 (1.06–1.35) | |
| Immune-related cancer | 1163 (0.78)/12,239 (0.82) | 0.94 (0.88-1.00) | 253 (0.17)/2055 (0.14) | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) | |
| Smoking or alcohol-related cancer | 1658 (1.11)/11,506 (0.77) | 1.18 (1.11–1.24) | 964 (0.63)/6422 (0.42) | 1.20 (1.12–1.29) | |
| Sibling cohort c | Hematological malignancy | 285 (0.31)/579 (0.33) | 1.10 (0.93–1.30) | 81 (0.09)/162 (0.09) | 1.28 (0.93–1.78) |
| Hormone-related cancer | 1396 (1.52)/3144 (1.80) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 174 (0.19)/343 (0.19) | 1.04 (0.82–1.31) | |
| Immune-related cancer | 691 (0.75)/1437 (0.82) | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) | 160 (0.17)/291 (0.16) | 1.18 (0.92–1.50) | |
| Smoking or alcohol-related cancer | 967 (1.05)/1886 (1.08) | 1.12 (1.00-1.23) | 541 (0.58)/1097 (0.61) | 1.10 (0.96–1.25) | |
a Per 1,000 person years
b Cox regression models were stratified by matching identifiers (birth year and sex) and adjusted for educational level, family income level, marital status, family history of specific cancer type, Charlson comorbidity index, and history of substance use disorders
c Cox regression models were stratified by family identifiers and adjusted for birth year, sex, educational level, family income level, marital status, Charlson comorbidity index, and history of substance use disorders