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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022 May 6;131:134–145. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.021

Fig. 1: Schematic representation for generation of osmotic and hydrostatic pressure.

Fig. 1:

Imbalance in the solute concentration across the semipermeable membrane generates osmotic pressure π leading to the flow of water from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration. π = iRTc, where i is the van’t Hoff factor, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature and c is the solute concentration. The counteractive pressure to osmotic pressure is hydrostatic pressure P = ρgh, where ρ is the density of the liquid, g is gravity, and h is the height of the liquid. At chemical equilibrium, osmotic pressure is equal to hydrostatic pressure.