Table 1.
Chip design comparisons.
| Static model | Dynamic model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feature | Petri dish | Transwell | Sandwiched-channel | Parallel-channel | Tubular-channel | Vasculogenesis-based |
| Multi-compartmentalized | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Basement membrane | None | Porous membrane | Porous membrane | PDMS post arrays + hydrogel | Hydrogel | Hydrogel |
| In vivo-like spatial arrangement and channel geometry | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| TEER measuring method available | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Permeability measured with tracer molecules | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Chip fabrication difficultya) | Low | Medium | High | High | High | High |
| Chip-to-chip variationb) | Low | Low | Medium | Medium | Medium | High |
| Ref. | [164] | [127, 130] | [28, 65, 77, 119] | [169–172] | [131, 162, 173–175] | [171, 176] |
a)
Assuming expertise in only basic laboratory and cell culture techniques.
b)
Contingent upon the technical complexity involved with chip fabrication and cell culture and the nature of the vessel formation process (stochastic vs. coordinated).