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Lyme borreliae (shown in red) cannot be transovarially transmitted between ticks. The direction of arrows indicates the acquisition or transmission of Lyme borreliae through a blood meal. Though nymphs could also feed on reservoirs, and adults could also feed on humans, they are not shown here for brevity. The stages in the infection cycle that OspA-, OspC-, and CspZ-based vaccines target are shown in blue.
