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. 2022 Oct 3;13:5662. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33362-1

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Spatiotemporal structure of the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) derived from marine and continental temperature records. Dots represent median HTM age and median HTM amplitude (anomaly compared to mean Holocene temperatures) calculated from the age and temperature ensembles for each continental (A) and marine record (B). Gray shadings and contours depict the mean of 10,000 kernel probability density function maps (PDF; Gaussian kernel with a bandwidth of 10° in latitude and 500 years) calculated using the temperature and age model ensembles (see also Fig. 5 for contour label). Left and bottom panels correspond to median kernel probability density calculated against latitude (10° bandwidth) and age (500 years bandwidth), respectively for different subsets, with dashed straight lines corresponding to a homogenous distribution (color shading shows 10–90 percentiles).