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. 2022 Oct 3;13:5662. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33362-1

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022

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Fig. 8 — Forcing (W/m²) due to pCO2⁴³; pCH₄ and pN₂O⁴⁴; 100-year running mean of volcanic radiative forcing⁴¹; decadal total solar irradiance variations⁴² at earth surface (ΔTSI at the top of the atmosphere × (1 – albedo)/4, with mean albedo =0.29), mean annual insolation at 65°N^48–50, and relative sea level⁴⁷. Preindustrial forcing is shown as a filled dot at 0 ka; CH₄ and N₂O are superimposed. The sum of radiative forcing (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, Volcanic and Irradiance) is also displayed. Forcings for CO₂, CH₄, N₂0, and solar irradiance were vertically shifted by 0.7, 0.25, 0.25, and −1, respectively, for better readability of the figure.