Table 3.
Demographic, clinical, and social risk factor characteristics for tuberculosis (TB) cases detected in large outbreaks during 2014–2016 compared to all counted TB cases in the United States during 2010–2018a.
| TB cases in large outbreaks (N = 518) | All other TB cases (N = 85,841) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||
| U.S.-born | 441 (85.1) | 29,009 (33.8) |
| Male | 347 (67.0) | 52,384 (61.0) |
| Age, years | ||
| <15 | 77 (14.9) | 4116 (4.8) |
| 15–24 | 92 (17.8) | 8548 (10.0) |
| 25–44 | 171 (33.0) | 26,589 (30.1) |
| 45–64 | 146 (28.2) | 26,613 (31.0) |
| ≥65 | 32 (6.2) | 19,962 (23.3) |
| Race/Ethnicityb | ||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 70 (13.5) | 1044 (1.2) |
| Asian | 57 (11.0) | 28,386 (33.1) |
| Black | 212 (40.9) | 18,867 (22.0) |
| Hispanic | 62 (12.0) | 24,011 (28.0) |
| Multiple Races | 2 (0.4) | 507 (0.6) |
| Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander | 33 (6.4) | 766 (0.9) |
| White | 60 (11.6) | 12,032 (14.0) |
| Unknown | 22 (4.3) | 228 (0.3) |
| Clinical | ||
| Pulmonary TB involvement | 469 (90.5) | 68,194 (79.4) |
| Clinical markers of infectiousness | ||
| Sputum smear-positive disease | 218 (42.1) | 31,811 (37.1) |
| Cavitary disease on chest radiograph | 127 (24.5) | 16,965 (19.8) |
| Sputum smear-positive and cavitary disease | 107 (20.7) | 12,580 (14.7) |
| History of previous TB diagnosis | 22 (4.3) | 4163 (4.9) |
| TB isolate resistant to isoniazid or rifampinc | 38 (9.1) | 6200 (9.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (7.0) | 14,892 (17.4) |
| HIV co-infection | 24 (4.6) | 4667 (5.4) |
| Social risk factor | ||
| Substance use in past yeard | 151 (29.2) | 12,170 (14.2) |
| Homelessness in past year | 64 (12.4) | 4421 (5.2) |
| Incarcerated at diagnosis | 61 (11.8) | 3211 (3.8) |
| Federal Prisone | 1 (1.6) | 443 (14.0) |
| State Prisone | 47 (77.1) | 593 (18.8) |
| Local Jaile | 13 (21.3) | 1220 (38.6) |
| Othere | 0 (0.0) | 906 (28.7) |
Values are no. (%). Large outbreaks detected during 2014–2016 could include cases reported during 2010–2018 because the surveillance time periods extend before and after the date of first detection.
Persons of Hispanic ethnicity can be of any race; non-Hispanic persons were categorized as American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian, Black, White, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or of multiple races.
Resistance to at least isoniazid or rifampin on initial drug susceptibility testing. Percentage is calculated among cases for which drug susceptibility testing was performed.
Substance use is defined as any self-reported use of alcohol to excess or any use of illicit drugs within the year before diagnosis.
Percentages calculated among those incarcerated at time of TB diagnosis.