TABLE 3.

Detailed coding tree of the results (India, 2021–2022).

Domains	Common issues across all the study settings	Management initiatives
Antenatal services and nutritional care	• The financial crisis led to change in food consumption	• Change in timing of regular antenatal services due to diversion of frontline workers to COVID-19 duties
	• Lack of transportation services	• Provision of take-home supplementary food in advance at door-step
	• Not preferred to visit hospital due to fear of infection
	• Reduced consultation timing
	• Skip services because of fear of infection
Intra-natal and postnatal services	• Early hospital discharge	• Appointment of staff in hospitals (post-graduate students)
	• The hospital required the COVID-19 testing report before admission	• Fewer restrictions to reaching the hospital
	• Limit on visitors (family members and relatives)	• Proper precaution for COVID transmission during intra-natal services
	• Prefer private hospitals which increase out-of-pocket -expenditure	• Self-arrangement for transportation
	• Reluctant for doing admission to public hospitals
Immunization services	• Fear of child getting infected at immunization point	• Change in timing of regular immunization services due to COVID duties and reduce the spread of infection
	• Few choose a private hospital for child immunization due to fear of COVID-19
	• Shortening the duration of the service delivery
Sick infant treatment	• Unavailability of face-to-face medical consultation	• Encourage home-based care for children in mass media
	• Unavailability of transport services	• Facilitation of teleconsultation
	• Fear of visiting hospital	• Purchased over-the-counter medicine
	• A limited number of service providers and limited-service hours	• Stocking of essential medicines at home for emergency