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. 2022 Oct 3;12:16553. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20916-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Examples of 3 T DWI-MRI in 4 GCA patients presenting with acute arteritic AION (left row: DWI b = 1000 s/mm2, right row: corresponding ADC images). (A, B): Distinct findings of ONH restricted diffusion in 2 patients with AION (white arrows; bilateral (A) and left-sided (B)). Note the marked qualitative ADC reduction in both cases (black arrows). (C, D) Subtle findings of ONH restricted diffusion (white arrows) and corresponding visually qualitative ADC reduction (black arrows) in 2 patients with right-sided AION. Abbreviations: AION, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; DWI-MRI, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; GCA, giant cell arteritis; ONH, optic nerve head.