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. 2022 Sep 20;9:988266. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.988266

TABLE 1.

Components and characteristics of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Components Subunits/Precursors Functions Structure
NF-κB NF-κB1 (p50)/p105 Nuclear localization and DNA binding activity; inhibition of transcription
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NF-κB2 (p52)/p100
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RelA (p65) Transcription activity for NF-κB target genes
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RelB
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cRel
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IκB IκBα Releasing NF-κB dimer by poly-ubiquitination and degradation
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IκBβ
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IκBε
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p100 (IκBδ) Inhibition of NF-κB by assembling into high-molecular-weight complexes; or being processed into NF-κB subunits
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p105 (IκBγ)
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IκBζ Modulating NF-κB transcription either positively or negatively
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BCL-3
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IκBNS
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IKK complex IKKα (IKK1) Kinase activity
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IKKβ (IKK2) Kinase activity
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NEMO (IKKγ) Regulatory and non-enzymatic
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RHR, Rel homology region; NLS, nuclear localization sequence; AnkR, ankyrin repeats; DD, death domain; TAD, transactivation domain; PEST, region rich in proline, glutamate, serine, and threonine; LZ, leucine zipper; Kinase, kinase domain; HLH, helix-loop-helix region; NBD, NEMO-binding domain; CC, coiled-coil domain; Zn, zinc-finger.