Table 5.

Joint effect of HOMA-IR and HOMA-β on osteoporosis^a.

	HOMA-IR <2, HOMA-β <100	HOMA-IR <2, HOMA-β ≥100	HOMA-IR ≥2, HOMA-β <100	HOMA-IR ≥2, HOMA-β ≥100
Lumbar spine	Ref	0.826 (0.457-1.493)	0.986 (0.755-1.287)	1.145 (0.897-1.460)
Total hip	Ref	0.433 (0.091-2.053)	0.599 (0.259-1.389)	0.766 (0.344-1.706)
Femoral neck	Ref	0.126 (0.020-0.805)	1.070 (0.656-1.744)b	1.256 (0.625-2.526)b
Greater trochanter	Ref	0.427 (0.103-1.778)	1.036 (0.438-2.448)	1.278 (0.554-2.945)
Femoral intertrochanter	Ref	0.225 (0.028-1.796)	0.493 (0.175-1.392)	0.827 (0.381-1.796)

Data are presented as OR (95% CI), adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. ^aT score ≤ -2.5. ^bp<0.05 vs. HOMA-IR <2, HOMA-β ≥100.