Table 4.
Adjusted Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Exposure to Infected Individuals, Infection Control and Prevention Practices and Vaccination Status Among High-Risk Caregivers, Stratified by Type of Facility
| Variable | ACH (N = 1,802) | LTCF (N = 1,167) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases, % | Controls, % | aOR | 95% CI | Cases, % | Controls, % | aOR | 95% CI | |
| Household exposure to COVID-19 | 13.0 | 2.5 | 13.0 | 7.4–22.8 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 1.5–6.8 |
| Workplace exposure to COVID-19 patients | 72.9 | 55.4 | 2.5 | 1.9–3.5 | 72.1 | 34.3 | 3.9 | 2.6–5.7 |
| Workplace exposure to COVID-19 coworkers | 56.7 | 35.4 | 2.3 | 1.7–3.1 | 64.0 | 38.0 | 2.2 | 1.4–3.3 |
| IPC training | ||||||||
| None | 1.4 | 3.2 | Ref | 2.1 | 1.7 | Ref | ||
| Only written recommendations | 12.5 | 15.3 | 1.5 | 0.6–3.8 | 5.5 | 8.4 | 0.6 | 0.2–2.5 |
| Any type of training | 86.1 | 81.5 | 2.3 | 0.9–5.5 | 92.5 | 90.0 | 1.2 | 0.4–4.4 |
| Hand washing after patient contact | ||||||||
| Not always | 5.4 | 8.6 | Ref | 4.3 | 2.3 | Ref | ||
| Always | 84.1 | 76.8 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.9 | 85.6 | 79.1 | 0.4 | 0.2–0.96 |
| Workplace masking | ||||||||
| Not always | 4.2 | 7.3 | Ref | 3.5 | 3.9 | Ref | ||
| Always | 95.8 | 92.7 | 1.3 | 0.7–2.1 | 96.5 | 96.1 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.5 |
| Physical distancing | ||||||||
| Sometimes/Never | 23.2 | 22.5 | Ref | 16.1 | 16.9 | Ref | ||
| Most of the time | 26.5 | 31.2 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.5 | 20.1 | 18.8 | 1.4 | 0.8–2.4 |
| Always | 50.3 | 46.3 | 1.5 | 1.1–2.2 | 63.8 | 64.4 | 1.4 | 0.9– 2.3 |
| Mask use during contact with non–COVID-19 patients | ||||||||
| Not always | 6.4 | 6.4 | Ref | 4.7 | 5.4 | Ref | ||
| Always | 77.2 | 77.0 | 1.0 | 0.6–1.6 | 82.8 | 76.8 | 1.3 | 0.6–2.5 |
| Mask use during non-AGMP contact with COVID-19 patients | ||||||||
| Medical mask | 54.9 | 34.9 | Ref | 65.4 | 28.9 | Ref | ||
| N95 always/most of the time | 10.8 | 13.1 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.9 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.3–2.8 |
| Mask use during AGMP contact with COVID-19 patients | ||||||||
| Medical mask | 4.2 | 3.4 | Ref | 1.8 | 0.8 | Ref | ||
| N95 always or most of the time | 13.0 | 16.7 | 0.6 | 0.3–1.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.1–11.1 |
| Vaccination against COVID-19 | ||||||||
| Unvaccinated | 85.4 | 66.0 | Ref | 85.2 | 55.4 | Ref | ||
| 1 dose 0–13 d before testing | 7.6 | 7.3 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.4 | 7.9 | 11.3 | 0.4 | 0.2–0.6 |
| ≥1 dose ≥14 d before testing | 7.0 | 26.7 | 0.3 | 0.2–0.4 | 6.9 | 33.3 | 0.2 | 0.1–0.3 |
Note. ACH, acute-care hospitals; AGMP, aerosol-generating medical procedures; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IPC, infection prevention and control; LTCF, long-term care facility; ref, reference category.