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. 2022 Sep 20;9:977603. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.977603

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, Hamilton, Jiang and Seiberlich.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Results in the fat fraction phantom. (A) Water and fat specific T₁ and T₂ maps, proton density images, and the PDFF map generated by Hierarchical IDEAL using the rosette cMRF data. (B) PDFF measurements using rosette cMRF compared with reference values.