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. 2022 Sep 26;28:100408. doi: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100408

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — Periodontal pocket and gingiva inflammation imaging. A) Pocket depth measurement of two swine teeth before and after using the contrast agent. The insets show stains on tooth. Photoacoustic image in red scale is overlaid to ultrasound image in gray scale. All the panels share the same colormap scale. B) Pocket depth measurement of 1st molar #14 of a periodontal patient. The top panel is an ultrasound image of the molar. The middle panel is the photoacoustic/ultrasound image after applying the contrast agent. The bottom panel shows the line profile of the photoacoustic intensity in the pocket. C) Inflammation imaging. Panel i shows the swine gingiva with well-perfused tissue and poorly perfused tissue. Panel ii shows a photoacoustic/ultrasound image of the poorly perfused tissue. Panel iii shows photoacoustic/ultrasound image of the well-perfused tissue. Panel iv is the statistics that shows the overall photoacoustic intensity of healthy tissue (poorly perfused) and inflamed tissue (well perfused).