Table 2.
Nutrient intake: dietary components (macro-and micronutrients) and nutritional indexes of the usual diet (baseline) and Modified Mediterranean Diet (MMD) (respectively, for diet A and diet B).
|
Group A
n = 43 (F = 23) |
Group B n = 41 (F = 20) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | Baseline | t1 | Baseline | t1 | ||
|
Median ± [min. –max. value] |
p-value |
Median ± [min. –max. value] |
p-value | |||
| Energy (kcal) | 2330.5 ± [2150.0–2570.0] |
1750.0 ± [1500.0–2400.0] |
0.01* | 2318.0 ± [2050.0–2595.0] |
1755.0 ± [1495.0–2350.0] |
0.02* |
| Protein (% kcal) | 13.6 ± [11.0–15.0] |
19.7 ± [15.0–22.0] |
<0.001*** | 13.8 ± [11.3–15.3] |
20.0 ± [15.0–22.0] |
<0.001*** |
| Vegetable proteins (g) | 29.0 ± [25.5–32.3] |
40.6 ± [35.0–50.0] |
0.003** | 30.5 ± [26.3–35.1] |
39.1 ± [34.0–54.0] |
0.1 |
| Animal proteins (g) | 35.7 ± [15.3–60.4] |
50.3 ± [16.0–73.0] |
0.2 | 37.8 ± [16.0–61.2] |
48.6 ± [15.5–72.0] |
0.3 |
| Carbohydrates (% Kcal) | 43.5 ± [41.4–48.4] |
48.4 ± [43.0–50.0] |
0.8 | 45.2 ± [41.7–50.1] |
42.3 ± [40.0–45.5] |
0.9 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 273.0 ± [165.0–290.0] |
212.0 ± [163.0–280.0] |
0.09 | 282.0 ± [171.0–295.0] |
200.5 ± [165.0–280.0] |
0.08 |
| Sugars (g) | 84.7 ± [55.0–94.0] |
54.0 ± [38.0–71.0] |
0.09 | 67.8 ± [41.0–85.3] |
49.9 ± [45.0–72.0] |
0.5 |
| Total fiber (g) | 20.2 ± [17.0–23.4] |
38.5 ± [31.0–39.0] |
<0.001*** | 35.5 ± [22.3–45.1] |
35.3 ± [30.0–38.0] |
0.9 |
| Lipids (% kcal) | 37.8 ± [35.0–40.3] |
35.7 ± [31.4–37.5] |
0.8 | 38.8 ± [36.2–41.1] |
37.3 ± [32.0–38.6] |
0.9 |
| SFAs (g) | 25.1 ± [13.4–22.0] |
12.5 ± [7.4–18.1] |
0.02* | 33.4 ± [21.1–35.4] |
14.5 ± [7.8–19.0] |
<0.001*** |
| ω6/ω3 | 5.5 ± [5.0 −8.3] |
1.7 ± [1.5–1.8] |
<0.001*** | 5.6 ± [5.1 −8.9] |
4.6 ± [4.3–5.9] |
0.2 |
| ORAC (μmol) | 5870.0 ± [5550.0–6340.0] |
13530.0 ± [11550.0–14300.0] |
0.003** | 6080.0 ± [5850.0–6440.0] |
11760.0 ± [11050.0–12280.0] |
0.006* |
| MAI | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 14.0 ± [14.0] | <0.001*** | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 14.0 ± 14.0 | <0.001*** |
| MEDAS | 6.0 ± 2.0 | 14.0 ± [14.0] | <0.001*** | 6.0 ± 1.9 | 14.0 ± 14.0 | <0.001*** |
Values are expressed as median, minimum, and maximum values (Median ± [min.–max. value]) for continuous variables. The pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare the dietary intake of the baseline diets and the proposed diets for both intervention groups. F, Female; SFAs, Saturated Fatty Acids; ω-6/ω-3, omega-6/omega-3 ratio; ORAC, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity; MAI, Mediterranean Adequacy Index; MEDAS, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score.
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.005;
***
p < 0.001.