Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of all suicide decedents by job/financial/housing problem (JFH) status.
| N (%) | Male |
Female |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No JFH 62,015 (83.8) |
Yes JFH 12,027 (16.2) |
p | No JFH 17,767 (87.0) |
Yes JFH 2651 (13.0) |
p | |
| Age group (%) | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| 18-24 | 12.0 | 8.1 | 9.5 | 6.3 | ||
| 25-44 | 33.9 | 34.2 | 33.8 | 34.8 | ||
| 45-64 | 32.3 | 46.8 | 40.9 | 49.0 | ||
| 65+ | 21.8 | 10.9 | 15.8 | 9.9 | ||
| Race/ethnicity (%) | <.001 | .106 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 80.3 | 84.1 | 80.9 | 82.7 | ||
| Black/African American | 6.7 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 5.8 | ||
| Hispanic | 8.0 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 5.7 | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 2.5 | 2.7 | 3.8 | 3.7 | ||
| Other | 2.5 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.1 | ||
| Education (%) | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| =< High school | 57.4 | 50.9 | 45.1 | 39.3 | ||
| Some college/associate degree | 23.4 | 24.5 | 29.5 | 29.7 | ||
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 16.9 | 22.3 | 23.2 | 28.9 | ||
| Unknown | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | ||
| Marital status (%) | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Married | 31.0 | 33.1 | 31.6 | 27.9 | ||
| Divorced/separated | 22.6 | 26.9 | 28.4 | 36.4 | ||
| Widowed | 5.8 | 2.6 | 8.0 | 5.8 | ||
| Never married | 39.5 | 36.3 | 31.0 | 29.2 | ||
| Missing | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | ||
| Military service (%) | 20.8 | 15.9 | <.001 | 2.9 | 3.1 | .421 |
| Region of residence | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Northeast | 16.6 | 14.9 | 17.8 | 15.2 | ||
| Midwest | 27.9 | 30.5 | 25.7 | 27.6 | ||
| South | 28.0 | 23.5 | 28.2 | 23.0 | ||
| West | 26.2 | 30.4 | 27.5 | 33.8 | ||
| Puerto Rico & territories | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | ||
| Other suicide precipitating factors (%) | ||||||
| Physical health problema | 20.0 | 18.4 | .002 | 19.3 | 20.4 | .147 |
| Relationship problemb | 30.1 | 43.8 | <.001 | 30.3 | 45.8 | <.001 |
| Criminal or civil legal problem | 9.9 | 15.8 | <.001 | 5.1 | 13.2 | <.001 |
| Suicide/death of family/friend or traumatic anniversary | 7.1 | 10.0 | <.001 | 9.3 | 12.7 | <.001 |
| Depressed mood at the time of injury (%) | 26.9 | 49.3 | <.001 | 29.1 | 49.1 | <.001 |
| Any recent mental health disorderc (%) | 38.7 | 46.0 | <.001 | 59.0 | 65.6 | <.001 |
| Types of disorder (among all decedents) (%) | ||||||
| Depressive disorder/dysthymia | 28.0 | 36.5 | <.001 | 45.0 | 53.3 | <.001 |
| Bipolar disorder | 5.3 | 5.8 | .012 | 11.8 | 11.2 | .426 |
| Anxiety disorder | 6.9 | 10.5 | <.001 | 14.3 | 19.5 | <.001 |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 2.5 | 2.1 | .008 | 2.5 | 3.1 | .068 |
| Schizophrenia | 2.8 | 1.6 | <.001 | 3.1 | 1.7 | <.001 |
| Alcohol problem/addiction (%) | 16.2 | 26.6 | <.001 | 14.5 | 22.0 | <.001 |
| Other substance use problemd (%) | 14.8 | 18.4 | <.001 | 17.4 | 21.2 | <.001 |
| Number of crisese, M (SD) | 0.29 (0.56) | 0.65 (0.91) | <.001 | 0.24 (0.52) | 0.67 (0.93) | <.001 |
| History of suicide attempt (%) | 14.3 | 16.1 | <.001 | 30.2 | 32.0 | .054 |
| Disclosed suicidal intent within last month (%) | 20.8 | 24.6 | 21.2 | 26.4 | <.001 | |
| Suicide means | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Firearms | 55.0 | 53.1 | 29.6 | 32.5 | ||
| Hanging/suffocation | 27.8 | 31.9 | 28.1 | 31.3 | ||
| Poisoning | 9.0 | 8.7 | 32.6 | 28.7 | ||
| Other | 8.2 | 6.3 | 9.7 | 7.5 | ||
Note: P-values are calculated based on Pearson's χb tests for all categorical variables and t-tests for the number of crises (t = −57.75 for male and t = −34.35 for female).
Including any terminal/other illness, debilitating condition, chronic/acute pain, or other physical/functional issue (perceived, or diagnosed) that were relevant to suicide.
Problems with intimate partner and/or other family/relatives, other family stressors, caregiver burden, arguments, or abuse by a caregiver.
Including those disorders and syndromes listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) with the exception of alcohol and other substance dependence.
Including illicit drug use, even if addiction or abuse is not specifically mentioned. The exception to this is marijuana use. For marijuana, the use must be noted as chronic, abusive, or problematic.
Total number of precipitating or contributing factors that posed a crisis within 2 weeks of death.