Table 7.
Short-term response.
| Reference | Population | Treatment | Diagnosis | Response criteria | Follow-up | Predictor | Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boccardi et al. (2017) | 628 AD patients | Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine | Not stated | MMSE stabilization or improvement at 3 months | 3 years | Short-term response is not a predictor | Moderate |
| Droogsma et al. (2015) | 335 AD patients | Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine (memantine) | Clinical (NINCS-ADRDA, not stated if probable or possible) | Change in MMSE (no deterioration in MMSe as initial response) | Up to 10 years | Initial response after 6 months is not a predictor of subsequent long-term response | High |
| Mossello et al. (2004) | 212 AD patients | Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine | Clinical (probable AD, NINCDS-ADRDA) | No deterioration in MMSE at 3 months; not clearly stated, but change in MMSE, ADL, and IADL at 9 months | 9 months | No deterioration on MMSE after 3 months of therapy | High |
| Raschetti et al. (2005) | 5642 AD patients (2,853 completed the study) | Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine | Clinical (probable AD, NINCDS-ADRDA) | 2+ points improvement on MMSE | 9 months | Absence of concomitant diseases and response at 3 months | Moderate |
| Miranda et al. (2015) | 129 AD and AD+CVD patients (97 completed the study) | Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine | Clinical (probable AD, NIAA, Ballinger et al., 2017; AD+CVD, NINDS-AIREN) | Improvement of 2+ points on MMSE | 12 months | Being a very good responder at 3 and 6 months | Moderate |
| Calabria et al. (2009) | 427 AD patients (226 patients completed the study) | Donepezil, rivastigmine | Clinical (probable AD, NINCDS-ADRDA) | Based on the distribution of MMSE change between baseline and follow-up: above 75th percentile very good responders, 50–70th good responders, 25–50th bad responders, under 25th very bad responders | 21 months | Greater improvement at 3 months | High |
| Rota et al. (2007) | 203 AD patients | Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine | Clinical (probable AD, NINCDS-ADRDA) | Change in MMSE and BADL-IADL | 30 months | Higher MMSE (only for MMSE >18), BADL and IADL improvement at 3 months, all for response at 9 months | Moderate |
| Horikoshi et al. (2020) | 110 AD patients | Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine | Clinical (ICD-10) | Change in MMSE the same or lower of lower confidence interval of mean change in MMSE (Rey et al., 2018) without treatment at 6 months; mean change in MMSE from baseline to 12 and 24 months | 24 months | Same or lower change in MMSE than lower confidence interval of mean change in MMSE without treatment at 6 months | Moderate |
| Wattmo et al. (2018) | 881 AD patients | Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine | Clinical (possible or probable AD, NINCDS-ADRDA, and DSM-IV) | Institutionalization: permanent entry to a licensed skilled-nursing facility with 24-h care (not clearly defined as a response); improvement in MMSE, CIBIC (1–3), IADL, or PSMS at 6 months (but used as predictors) | 3 years | Improvement or no deterioration in a combination of MMSE, CIBIC, IADL and PSMS at 6 months are a predictor of delayed institutionalization | High |
| Farlow et al. (2015) | 716 severe AD patients (628 included) | Rivastigmine 13.3 or 4.6 mg | Clinical (probable AD, NINCDS-ADRDA) | Improvement/improvement or no change on ADCS-CGIC | 24 weeks | Minimal worsening, no change or improvement on ADCS-CGIC at week 8 and 16 | Some concerns—Low |
| Ohnishi et al. (2014) | 303 AD patients | Galantamine | Clinical (probable AD, NINCDS-ADRDA) | 4+ points improvement on ADAS-Cog Japanese version | 24 weeks | Improvement on word recognition by at least −1.5 points on ADAS-Cog after 4 weeks of treatment | Some concerns—Low |
| Palmqvist et al. (2010) | 75 AD patients | Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine | Clinical (probable or possible AD, NINCDS-ADRDA, see Borroni and Barrantes, 2021) | 16 s impovement on A Quick Test—color form at 8 weeks or 3+ points improvement on MMSE at 8 weeks; change in AQT at 6 months | 32 ± 19 months | 16 s + improvement on AQT (A Quick Test—color form) after 8 weeks | Moderate |