Table 2.
Concentrations of markers of complement and endothelial cell activation on admission.
| Variable | Overall | Outpatients | Inpatients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 (n=153) | Controls (n=166) | P value | COVID-19 (n=58) | Controls (n=91) | P value | COVID-19 (n=95) | Controls (n=75) | P value | |
| C5a, ng/ml | 3.23 (1.46 – 5.95) | 0.91 (0.41 – 1.93) | <0.001 | 1.69 (0.93 - 3.61) | 0.57 (0.11 – 1.28) | <0.001 | 4.20 (2.31 – 7.05) | 1.46 (0.78 – 2.75) | <0.001 |
| sC5b-9, ng/ml | 1139 (720 – 1679) | 992 (744 – 1315) | 0.037 | 1001 (642 - 1364) | 954 (719 – 1277) | 0.922 | 1268 (783 – 1905) | 1019 (792 – 1391) | 0.026 |
| E-selectin, ng/ml | 25.1 (17.6 – 34.6) | 30.5 (22.4 -42.4) | <0.001 | 22.0 (14.5 – 32.1) | 28.1 (19.8 -39.9) | 0.005 | 26.6 (19.2 – 37.9) | 36.8 (25.3 – 51.1) | 0.001 |
| Galectin-3, ng/ml | 9.3 (7.1 – 12.3) | 8.5 (6.9 – 10.8) | 0.100 | 7.3 (6.0 – 8.2) | 7.5 (6.4 – 9.5) | 0.239 | 11.5 (8.4 – 14.2) | 10.6 (8.2 – 12.6) | 0.174 |
| ICAM-1, ng/ml | 386 (319 -497) | 374 (292 – 500) | 0.340 | 330 (279 – 403) | 321 (281 – 421) | 0.866 | 442 (353 – 544) | 456 (366 – 590) | 0.387 |
| VCAM-1, ng/ml | 961 (675 – 1434) | 625 (493 – 853) | <0.001 | 677 (556 – 862) | 532 (445 – 654) | <0.001 | 1276 (908 – 1566) | 840 (662 – 1229) | <0.001 |
Median (interquartile range), values are shown in bold in case of significant difference.