Table 3. Nested Case-Control Analysis of the Risk of Primary Outcomes.
| Outcome during follow-up | No. (%) | OR (95% CI)a | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | |||
| Ischemic stroke | ||||
| No previous ICHc | 12 416 (95.6) | 213 060 (98.2) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Previous ICHd | 571 (4.4) | 3825 (1.8) | 2.63 (2.40-2.87) | 2.00 (1.82-2.20) |
| ICH | ||||
| No previous ICHc | 1377 (71.9) | 63 958 (98.5) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Previous ICHd | 538 (28.1) | 997 (1.5) | 26.65 (23.56-30.16) | 25.59 (22.30-29.36) |
| Myocardial infarction | ||||
| No previous ICHc | 10 669 (98.2) | 200 237 (98.2) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Previous ICHd | 194 (1.8) | 3691 (1.8) | 0.98 (0.85-1.14) | 0.89 (0.76-1.03) |
| MACEe | ||||
| No previous ICHc | 29 108 (95.0) | 264 125 (98.2) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Previous ICHd | 1547 (4.9) | 4946 (1.8) | 2.89 (2.72-3.07) | 2.66 (2.49-2.84) |
Abbreviations: ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; OR, odds ratio.
Adjusted for age, sex, and index date.
Adjusted for sex, age, index date, comorbidity (separate covariates for each of the following: hypertension, atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, systemic embolism, peripheral arterial disease, venous thromboembolism, diabetes, chronic kidney failure, chronic hepatic diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, disorders indicative of high alcohol intake, congestive heart failure, and cancer) and current use of drugs (separate covariates for each of the following drugs and drug classes: low-dose aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, vitamin K antagonist, direct oral anticoagulant, statins, thiazides and other nonloop diuretics, loop diuretics, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors). All covariates were determined on the index date and based on all available data (ie, from 10 years before baseline and up to index date).
Stems from the comparison cohort.
Stems from the ICH cohort.
Defined as stroke (ischemic stroke, ICH, or unspecified stroke), myocardial infarction, systemic embolism, or vascular death.