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. 2022 Sep 19;8(9):e30372. doi: 10.2196/30372

Table 2.

Effect of cash transfer on primary and secondary outcomes in a cluster randomized trial among adolescent girls and young women in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania, in October 2017 to July 2019.


 Overall Urban stratum Rural high-risk stratum Rural low-risk stratum

Intervention group Control group Intervention group Control group Intervention group Control group Intervention group Control group
HSV-2 new cases out of total at risk, n/N (%) 102/930 (11) 98/925 (10.6) 29/310 (9.4) 17/327 (5.2) 45/322 (14) 21/261 (8) 28/298 (9.4) 60/337 (17.8)

Time of follow-up (years) 1293.9 1230.3 426.0 438.9 450.0 346.3 417.9 445.1

HSV-2 incidence (per 100 personal years of observation) 7.9 8.0 6.8 3.9 10.0 6.1 6.7 13.5

Hazard ratioa 0.96 (0.67-1.38) 1.55 (0.84-2.84) 1.60 (0.95-2.71) 0.45 (0.29-0.71)

Hazard ratio P value .83 .16 .08 .001

P value for interaction <.001 —b — — — — —
New HIV cases out of total at risk, n/N (%) 11/1429 (0.8) 9/1478 (0.6) — — — — — —

Time of follow-up (years) 1954.7 1811.8 — — — — — —

HIV incidence (per 1000 personal years of observation) 5.6 5.0 — — — — — —

Hazard ratioa 0.78 (0.40-1.53) — — — — — —

Hazard ratio P value .47 — — — — — —
HIV prevalence (follow-up), n/N (%) 58/1466 (4) 74/1537 (4.8) — — — — — —

Risk ratioa 0.75 (0.52-1.08) — — — — — —

Risk ratio P value .13 — — — — — —
Compensated sex, n/N (%) 552/1373 (40.2) 580/1347 (43.1) N/Ac N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratioa 0.91 (0.80-1.04) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratio P value .15 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

P value for interaction .46 — — — — — —
Intergenerational sex, n/N (%) 374/1373 (27.2) 362/1347 (26.9) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratioa 0.91 (0.77-1.07) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratio P value .25 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

P value for interaction .88 — — — — — —
Transactional sex, n/N (%) 486/1373 (35.4) 533/1347 (39.6) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratioa 0.84 (0.73-0.96) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratio P value .01 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

P value for interaction .50 — — — — — —
Condom use (nonmarital)d, n/N (%) 867/1284 (67.5) 738/1205 (61.2) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratioa 1.28 (1.16-1.42) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratio P value <.001 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

P value for interaction .22 — — — — — —
>1 sexual partner (12 months), n/N (%) 211/1373 (15.4) 207/1347 (15.4) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratioa 0.97 (0.79-1.20) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratio P value .80 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

P value for interaction .12 — — — — — —
Savings, n/N (%) 1275/1373 (92.9) 1140/1347 (84.6) 402/458 (87.8) 379/437 (86.7) 462/480 (96.3) 338/421 (80.3) 411/435 (94.5) 423/489 (86.5)

Odds ratioa 1.87 (1.69-2.08) 0.92 (0.76-1.11) 3.13 (2.63-3.72) 2.28 (1.91-2.71)

Odds ratio P value <.001 .40 <.001 <.001

P value for interaction <.001 — — — — — —
Used biomedical services, n/N (%) 1161/1373 (84.6) 820/1347 (60.9) 393/458 (85.8) 225/437 (51.5) 362/480 (75.4) 275/421 (65.3) 406/435 (93.3) 320/489 (65.4)

Odds ratioa 2.10 (1.95-2.26) 2.63 (2.28-3.03) 1.35 (1.18-1.54) 2.42 (2.15-2.72)

Odds ratio P value <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001

P value for interaction <.001 — — — — — —
Sexual partner violence, n/N (%) 711/1373 (51.8) 685/1347 (50.9) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratioa 0.94 (0.83-1.06) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Odds ratio P value .29 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

P value for interaction .83 — — — — — —
Sex work, n/N (%) 310/1373 (22.6) 315/1347 (23.4) 87/458 (19) 58/437 (13.3) 114/480 (23.8) 121/421 (28.7) 109/435 (25.1) 136/489 (27.8)

Odds ratioa 1.06 (0.89-1.26) 1.66 (1.16-2.36) 0.90 (0.68-1.19) 0.92 (0.69-1.22)

Odds ratio P value .53 .005 .47 .56

P value for interaction .02 — — — — — —

aAdjusted for matching pairs and variables that were significantly different between the arms at baseline.

bNot available.

cN/A: not applicable.

dRestricted to adolescent girls and young women who had follow-up data and reported sexual activity in the last 6 months.