Table 1. Baseline Characteristics.
| Source | Vaccination status | Country | Observational period | Cohort size, No. | Vaccine type, No. (2 doses during pregnancy)a | Vaccination timing, No. | Age, mean (SD), y | No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nulliparous | Comorbiditiesb | Smoking historyc | Obesity | Twins | ||||||||
| Mayo et al,24 2021 | Vaccinated | Israel | April 2020-June 2021 | 125 | Vaccine type unavailable (125) | 1st, 9; 2nd, 80; 3rd, 36 | 31.4 (6.1) | NA | HTN, 5 (4.0); diabetes, 9, (7.2); asthma, 1 (0.8); thyroid disease, 8 (6.4) | 5 (4.0) | NA | NA |
| Unvaccinated | 369 | NA | NA | 29.5 (5.5) | NA | HTN, 12 (3.3); diabetes, 19 (5.1); asthma, 7 (1.9); thyroid disease, 14 (3.8) | 11 (3.0) | NA | NA | |||
| Theiler et al,25 2021 | Vaccinated | US | December 2020-April 2021 | 140 | Pfizer-BioNTech, 127 (97), Moderna, 12 (6), Janssen/Johnson & Johnson (1) | NA | 31.8 (3.7) | 56 (40) | HTN, 6 (4.3); diabetes, 2 (1.4); asthma, 15 (10.7); infertility, 6 (4.3) | 0 | 33 (23.6) | 2 (1.4) |
| Unvaccinated | 1862 | NA | NA | 30.5 (5.2) | 546 (29.3) | HTN, 64 (3.4); diabetes, 11 (0.6); asthma, 206 (11.1); infertility, 14 (0.8) | 196 (10.5) | 464 (24.9) | 22 (1.2) | |||
| Rottenstreich et al,26 2022 | Vaccinated | Israel | January 2021-April 2021 | 712 | Pfizer-BioNTech (712) | 1st, 0; 2nd, 0; 3rd, 712 | 30.6 (5.8) | 122 (17.1) | Previous miscarriage, 240 (33.7); HTN, 10 (1.4); diabetes, 45 (6.3); infertility, 33 (4.6) | NA | 101 (14.2) | 16 (2.2) |
| Unvaccinated | 1063 | NA | NA | 29.5 (6) | 211 (19.8) | Previous miscarriage, 296 (27.8); HTN, 19 (1.8); diabetes, 45 (4.2); infertility, 24 (2.3) | NA | 140 (13.2) | 15 (1.4) | |||
| Lipkind et al,17 2022 | Vaccinated | US | December 2020-July 2021 | 10 064 | Pfizer-BioNTech, 5478, Moderna, 4162 (7881), Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson, 424 | 1st, 172; 2nd, 3668; 3rd, 6224 | 32.3 (4.5) | NA | HTN, 552 (5.5); diabetes, 167 (1.7); asthma, 802 (8.0); cancer, 28 (0.3); SLE, 20 (0.2); liver disease, 97 (1.0); cardiovascular disease, 43 (0.4); | 1786 (17.7) | 2407 (23.9) | 0 |
| Unvaccinated | 36 015 | NA | NA | 29.8 (5.3) | NA | HTN, 1732 (4.8); diabetes, 611 (1.7); asthma, 2733 (7.6); cancer, 120 (0.3); SLE, 103 (0.3); liver disease, 417 (1.2); cardiovascular disease, 104 (0.3) | 7242 (20.1) | 10 426 (28.9) | 0 | |||
| Blakeway et al,27 2022 | Vaccinated | United Kingdom | March 2021-April 2021 | 140 | Pfizer-BioNTech, 109 (NA), Moderna, 18 (NA), AstraZeneca, 13 | 1st, 0; 2nd, 20; 3rd, 120 | 35 (31.7-37) | 78 (55.7) | HTN, 13 (9.3); diabetes, 26 (18.6); cardiovascular disease, 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 15 (10.7) | 4 (2.9) |
| Unvaccinated | 1188 | NA | NA | Median (range), 33 (30-36) | 593 (49.9) | HTN, 46 (3.9); diabetes, 153 (12.9); cardiovascular disease, 10 (0.8) | 27 (2.3) | 173 (14.6) | 24 (2.0) | |||
| Goldshtein et al,15 2022 | Vaccinated | Israel | March 2021-September 2021 | 16 697 | Pfizer-BioNTech, 16 697 (NA) | 1st, 2134; 2nd, 9364; 3rd, 5199 | 31.6 (5.2) | 5555 (33.3) | HTN, 159 (1.0); diabetes, 145 (0.9); infertility, 304 (1.8); cancer, 168 (1.0); CKD, 118 (0.7) | 798 (4.8) | 1768 (10.6) | 0 |
| Unvaccinated | 7591 | NA | NA | 30.5 (5.7) | 2484 (32.7) | HTN, 76 (1.0); diabetes, 59 (0.8); infertility, 84 (1.1); cancer, 55 (0.7); CKD, 67 (0.9) | 441 (5.8) | 862 (11.4) | 0 | |||
| Dick et al,28 2022 | Vaccinated | Israel | December 2020-July 2021 | 2305 | Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna (NA) | 1st, 12; 2nd, 964; 3rd, 1329 | Median (range), 30 (26-34) | 611 (26.5) | HTN, 25 (1.1); diabetes, 222 (9.6) | 79 (3.4) | NA | 0 |
| Unvaccinated | 3313 | NA | NA | Median (range), 30 (26-34) | 838 (25.3) | HTN, 44 (1.3); diabetes, 275 (8.3) | 88 (2.7) | NA | 0 | |||
| Fell et al,18 2022 | Vaccinated | Canada | December 2020-September 2021 | 22 660 | Pfizer-BioNTech, 18 101, Moderna, 4507 (21 894),c others, 52 | NA | 32.8 (4.3) | 10 382 (46.1) | HTN, 202 (0.9); diabetes, 234 (1.0); asthma, 935 (4.1); thyroid disease, 1531 (6.8); cardiovascular disease, 43 (0.2) | 723 (3.3) | 4096 (20.0) | 328 (1.4) |
| Unvaccinated | 74 930 | NA | NA | 32.0 (4.8) | 31 965 (42.8) | HTN, 729 (3.2); diabetes, 836 (1.1); asthma, 2886 (3.9); thyroid disease, 3977 (5.3); cardiovascular disease, 66 (0.1) | 5657 (7.7) | 14 043 (21.1) | 1064 (1.4) | |||
| Magnus et al,19 2022 | Vaccinated | Sweden | January 2021-January 2022 | 28 506 | Pfizer-BioNTech, 20 424, Moderna, 7607 (21 580),c AstraZeneca, 475 | 1st, 1125; 2nd, 13 012; 3rd, 1468 | 32.2 (4.6) | 12 450 (43.7) | HTN, 185 (0.6); diabetes, 417 (1.5); asthma, 2456 (8.6); CKD, 129 (0.5); cardiovascular disease, 433 (1.5); VTE, 219 (0.8) | 657 (2.3) | NA | 0 |
| Unvaccinated | 129 015 | NA | NA | 30.5 (4.8) | 54 306 (42.1) | HTN, 685 (0.5); diabetes, 1201 (0.9); asthma, 8826 (6.8); CKD, 627 (0.5); cardiovascular disease, 1563 (1.2); VTE, 775 (0.6) | 5268 (4.1) | NA | 0 | |||
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; HTN, hypertension; NA, not available; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; VTE, venous thromboembolism; 1st, during the first trimester; 2nd, during the second trimester; 3rd, during the third trimester.
a
The total number of individuals who received the second dose of messenger RNA vaccines during pregnancy regardless of brands.
b
Hypertension and diabetes include both pregestational and gestational conditions.
c
Smoking history includes ever-smoker and smoking during pregnancy.