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. 2022 Aug 25;13:970292. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.970292

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Copyright © 2022 Fang, Pan, Qu, Lei, Han, Zhang and Han.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Occurrence and development of AFLD. Alcohol metabolites, including acetaldehyde, will further damage mitochondria, reduce AMPK activity and sensitivity to AMP/ATP, and cause serious lipid accumulation. ROS, reactive oxygen species; CYP2E1, the cytochrome P4502E1; ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; NADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NAD⁺, oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.