Table 2.

All-cause and cardiovascular mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for participants aged 20 years and older according to nutrition-related diseases: NHANES survey 1999 to 2006 with follow-up through 2015^a

Models	All-cause mortality			Cardiovascular mortality
	HR	95% CI	P-value	HR	95% CI	P-value
Model 1
(Normal nutrition without sarcopenia as reference)
Sarcopenia with normal nutrition	3.52	3.05–4.06	< 0.001	4.66	3.20–6.78	< 0.001
Malnutrition without sarcopenia	1.34	1.14–2.97	< 0.001	1.43	0.97–2.11	0.070
Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome	7.81	6.07–10.03	< 0.001	10.67	5.60–20.32	< 0.001
Model 2
(Normal nutrition without sarcopenia as reference)
Sarcopenia with normal nutrition	1.40	1.22–1.61	< 0.001	1.44	0.97–2.16	0.074
Malnutrition without sarcopenia	1.30	1.11–1.53	0.001	1.29	0.93–1.80	0.131
Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome	2.31	1.82–2.93	< 0.001	2.41	1.18–4.91	0.015
Model 3
(Normal nutrition without sarcopenia as reference)
Sarcopenia with normal nutrition	1.62	1.28–2.06	< 0.001	1.66	0.82–3.37	0.163
Malnutrition without sarcopenia	1.28	1.03–1.58	0.024	1.11	0.68–1.81	0.672
Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome	2.66	1.89–3.74	< 0.001	3.56	1.17–10.84	0.025

Model 1: No adjusted

Model 2: Adjusted by age, gender, race/ethnicity

Model 3: Adjusted by age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, smoking status, alcohol use, BMI, CHF, CHD, DM, hypertension, Cancer

^aNutrition status was defined by the controlling nutritional status score