Table 2.
Summary of main hepatic findings in patients with coronavirus disease-2019
| Ref. | No. Cases | Specimen Type | Steatosis | Portal Inflammation | Lobular Inflammation | Congestion/Sinusoidal Dilation | Lobular Necrosis | Cholestasis | Hepatocyte Apoptosis | Vascular Pathology and/or Thrombosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greuel et al,40 2021 | 6 | Autopsies | 2/6 (33.3%) | – | – | – | – | 1/6 (16.7%) | – | – |
| Xu et al,44 2020 | 1 | Postmortem biopsy | 1/1 (100%) | 1/1 (100%) | 1/1 (100%) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tian et al,50 2020 | 4 | Postmortem biopsies | 1/4 (25%) | – | 1/4 (25%) | 3/4 (75%) | 1/4 (25%) | – | – | – |
| Wang et al,8 2020 | 2 | Postmortem biopsies | 2/2 (100%) | 2/2 (100%) | 1/2 (50%) | – | – | – | 2/2 (100%) | – |
| Sonzogni et al,45 2020 | 48 | Postmortem biopsies | 26/48 (54.2%) | 32/48 (66.7%) | 24/48 (50%) | – | 18/48 (37.5%) | – | – | 48/48 (100%) |
| Cai et al,9 2020 | 1 | Postmortem biopsy | 1/1 (100%) | – | 1/1 (100%) | – | – | – | – | – |
| McConnell et al,54 2021 | 43 | Postmortem biopsies | 20/43 (46.5%) | 10/43 (23.3%) | – | 42/43 (97.7%) | – | – | – | – |
| Beigmohammadi et al,47 2021 | 7 | Postmortem biopsies | 7/7 (100%) | 7/7 (100%) | – | 7/7 (100%) | 1/7 (14.3%) | 2/7 (28.6%) | – | – |
| Lagana et al,46 2020, | 40 | Autopsies | 30/40 (75%) | 20/40 (50%) | – | – | 20/40 (50%) | 15/40 (37.5%) | 10/40 (25%) | 6/40 (15%) |
| Yurdaisik et al,49 2021 | 7 | Postmortem biopsies | 4/7 (57.1%) | 2/7 (28.6%) | 5/7 (71.4%) | 1/7 (14.3%) | 6/7 (85.7%) | 2/7 (28.6%) | – | 1/7 (14.3%) |
| Ramos-Rincon et al,52 2022 | 5 | Postmortem biopsies | 1/2 (50%) | – | – | – | 1/5 (20%) | 1/5 (20%) | – | – |
| Barton et al,41 2020 | 2 | Autopsies | 1/2 (50%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Zhao et al,43 2021 | 17 | Autopsies | 12/17 (70.6%) | 8/17 (47.1%) | 5/17 (29.4%) | – | 2/17 (11.8%) | – | – | – |
| Bradley et al,48 2020 | 14 | Autopsies | 9/14 (64.3%) | 4/14 (28.6%) | 1/14 (7.1%) | 11/14 (78.6%) | 4/14 (28.6%) | – | – | – |
| Wang XX et al,51 2021 | 1 | Postmortem biopsy | 1/1 (100%) | – | 1/1 (100%) | – | 1/1 (100%) | 1/1 (100%) | 1/1 (100%) | – |
| Chornenkyy et al,55 2021 | 8 | Autopsies | 4/8 (50%) | 7/8 (87.5%) | 6/8 (75%) | 6/8 (75%) | 4/8 (50%) | 1/8 (12.5%) | – | – |
| Falasca et al,58 2020 | 22 | Autopsies | 12/22 (54.5%) | – | 11/22 (50%) | 10/22 (45.5%) | – | – | – | – |
| Fassan et al,56 2021 | 25 | Autopsies | 9/25 (36%) | – | – | 21/24 (87.5%) | 2/25 (8%) | – | – | 3/25 (12%) |
| 3 | Liver biopsies | 2/3 (66.7%) | 2/3 (66.7%) | 1/3 (33.3%) | – | 1/3 (33.3%) | – | – | – | |
| Fraga et al,59 2020 | 1 | Liver biopsy | – | 1/1 (100%) | – | – | – | – | 1/1 (100%) | – |
| Fiel et al,57 2021 | 2 | Liver biopsies | – | 2/2 (100%) | 1/2 (50%) | – | 2/2 (100%) | – | 1/2 (50%) | – |
−, finding was not described or found.