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. 2022 Sep 20;13:975056. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.975056

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Liu, Niu, Jing, Jiao, Huang, Jiang, Yan, Yang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of dietary paraformic acid supplementation on intestinal mucosal barrier functions, apoptosis regulators, and inflammatory factors concentrations in broiler chickens. (A) Mucin (MUC2); (B) Trefoil factor family (TFF); (C) Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1); (D) Caspase-3; (E) Caspase-9; (F) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); (G) Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β); (H) Interleukin-6 (IL-6); (I) Interleukin-10 (IL-10); (J) Interferon-γ (IFN-γ). CON, broiler chickens fed basal diet; PFA, broiler chickens fed basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg paraformic acid. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 7). Differences between treatments were displayed by ^#0.05 ≤ P < 0.10, *P < 0.05, and ^**P < 0.01.