. 2022 Oct 4;17(10):e0274506. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274506

Table 2. Differences in returns to education between urban and rural China (OLS estimates).

Year	Urban	Rural	Difference	Year	Urban	Rural	Difference
1989	0.0296^*** (0.0034)	0.0061 (0.0051)	0.0235^***	2009	0.0991^*** (0.0063)	0.0315^*** (0.0102)	0.0676^***
1991	0.0252^*** (0.0031)	0.0203^*** (0.0053)	0.0049	2010	0.1151^*** (0.0060)	0.0383^*** (0.0064)	0.0768^***
1993	0.0290^*** (0.0046)	0.0008 (0.0086)	0.0282^***	2011	0.1097^*** (0.0100)	0.0381^*** (0.0093)	0.0716^***
1995	0.0472^*** (0.0013)	0.0183^** (0.0074)	0.0289^***	2012	0.1006^*** (0.0052)	0.0466^*** (0.0057)	0.0540^***
1997	0.0316^*** (0.0039)	0.0021 (0.0090)	0.0295^***	2013	0.0961^*** (0.0069)	0.0392^*** (0.0061)	0.0569^***
2000	0.0650^*** (0.0058)	0.0171^* (0.0088)	0.0486^***	2014	0.0809^*** (0.0049)	0.0324^*** (0.0039)	0.0485^***
2002	0.1106^*** (0.0026)	0.0586^*** (0.0055)	0.0519^***	2015	0.1053^*** (0.0068)	0.0594^*** (0.0060)	0.0459^***
2004	0.0895^*** (0.0066)	0.0345^*** (0.0131)	0.0550^***	2016	0.0858^*** (0.0096)	0.0472^*** (0.0055)	0.0386^***
2005	0.1055^*** (0.0048)	0.0500^*** (0.0058)	0.0555^***	2017	0.1126^*** (0.0027)	0.0763^*** (0.0023)	0.0363^***
2006	0.0795^*** (0.0050)	0.0232^*** (0.0088)	0.0563^***	2018	0.0852^*** (0.0045)	0.0454^*** (0.0037)	0.0398^***
2008	0.1097^*** (0.0063)	0.0571^*** (0.0089)	0.0526^***	2019	0.0984^*** (0.0076)	0.0495^*** (0.0094)	0.0490^***

Note: Given the large number of years used and limited paper length, only the estimated results of education are reported, and individual work experience, work experience square terms, gender, and province fixed effects are controlled in the regression; numbers in parentheses denote robust standard error;

* significant at 10%,

** significant at 5%,

*** significant at 1%.

Complete regression results are shown in Tables 4 and 5 of the S1 Appendix.

Data Source: CHNS, CHIP, CGSS, CFPS, CHFS, and CSS