Pathway of anaerobic toluene degradation. Enzymes: BSS, (R)-benzylsuccinate synthase; BSCT, succinyl-CoA:(R)-benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase; BSDH, (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase; PIH, (E)-Phenylitaconyl-CoA hydratase; HADH, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; BST, benzoylsuccinyl-CoA thiolase; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase. Chiral C atoms of as-yet-unknown configuration are indicated with circles.