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. 2022 Sep 20;9:1001212. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1001212

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, Luo, Yang, Wang, Hou and Xu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pathological manifestations of osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Damage to hyaline articular cartilage is the main cause of osteoarthritis. In addition to cartilage lesions, KOA is accompanied by subchondral trabecular fracture, and bone cysts and osteophytes are also characteristics of KOA. Cartilage degradation products are produced after cartilage injury. These cartilage degradation products and other inflammatory factors act on the synovium to release preinflammatory products to induce synovitis.