Table 1.
Participant's baseline characteristics.
| Healthy group (n =13) | HSP group (n =13) | HNSP group (n =14) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male/female (n) | 10/3 | 12/1 | 14/0 | 0.129∗ |
| Age (years) | 54.0 (14.8) | 61.9 (10.3) | 57.4 (12.2) | 0.283# |
| Weight (kg) | 67.0 (7.4) | 71.3 (13.2) | 74.0 (13.5) | 0.291# |
| Height (cm) | 167.0 (5.5) | 169.5 (5.7) | 170.0 (5.4) | 0.400# |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 (1.8) | 24.7 (3.5) | 25.5 (3.3) | 0.373# |
| Right dominant side/total subject number (n) | 13/13 | 13/13 | 14/14 | 1.000∗ |
| Left/right hemiplegic side (n) | N/A | 6/7 | 6/8 | 0.863∗ |
| Duration of hemiplegia (days) | N/A | 91.8 (60.0) | 77.4 (52.4) | 0.514# |
| FMA-UE | N/A | 32.5 (19.4) | 38.1 (21.2) | 0.486# |
| MMT | N/A | 7.2 (3.3) | 8.1 (2.2) | 0.453# |
| MAS | N/A | 0.7 (0.8) | 1.1 (1.2) | 0.334# |
| ROM for flexion (degree) | N/A | 61.2 (50.9) | 120.9 (59.3) | 0.023# |
| ROM for abduction (degree) | N/A | 69.1 (57.6) | 120.9 (59.3) | 0.030# |
| VAS (0-10) | N/A | 4.85 (0.99) | N/A | N/A |
HSP means hemiplegic patients with shoulder pain, HNSP means hemiplegic patients without shoulder pain, BMI means body mass index, FMA-UE means Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper extremity, MMT means manual muscle testing, MAS means modified Ashworth scale, ROM means range of motion, VAS means visual analogue scale. ∗ means χ2 test, # means one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). N/A means not applicable. Data except male/female (n) expressed as mean (standard deviation).