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An illustration of retro-transcription of HERV (human endogenous retroviruses) or endogenous retroelements following stimuli released from commensal bacteria (a). Retro-transcription of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) lead to the formation of cDNA and dsRNA that is released into the cytoplasm. The presence of cytosolic cDNA and dsRNA initiates a protective antiviral immune response via the activation of cGAS/STING and RIG-1/MAV pathways (b).
