Table 2.
Baseline characteristics according to initiation of SGLT2i prescription after the first hospitalization for heart failure
| Characteristic | All | SGLT2i treatment |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||
| Number | 372,853 | 331,136 | 41,717 | |
| Age, yr | 70.8±12.3 | 71.8±12.0 | 63.4±12.5 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 196,458 (52.7) | 171,668 (51.84) | 24,790 (59.42) | <0.001 |
| Time to initiation, mo | - | - | 8.8 (0.3–22.5) | |
| Urban residents | 149,452 (40.1) | 132,026 (39.9) | 17,426 (41.8) | <0.001 |
| Incomes (low 25%) | 114,650 (30.8) | 101,692 (30.7) | 12,958 (31.1) | 0.142 |
| Prescription | ||||
| Hospitals | 31,419 (75.3) | |||
| Clinics | 10,048 (24.1) | |||
| Etc. | 250 (0.6) | |||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 310,925 (83.4) | 275,917 (83.3) | 35,008 (83.9) | 0.002 |
| Dyslipidemia | 253,174 (67.9) | 218,124 (65.9) | 35,050 (84.0) | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetic drugsa | ||||
| Metformin | 235,753 (63.2) | 202,742 (61.2) | 33,011 (79.1) | <0.001 |
| Sulfonylureas | 130,540 (35.0) | 112,159 (33.9) | 18,381 (44.1) | <0.001 |
| DPP-4i | 171,984 (46.1) | 152,549 (46.1) | 19,435 (46.6) | 0.045 |
| Insulin | 113,093 (30.3) | 104,491 (31.6) | 8,602 (20.6) | <0.001 |
| SGLT2i | 9,841 (2.6) | 0 | 9,841 (23.6) | <0.001 |
| TZD | 23,525 (6.3) | 20,409 (6.2) | 3,116 (7.5) | <0.001 |
| AGI | 9,370 (2.5) | 8,566 (2.6) | 804 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Meglitinide | 2,671 (0.7) | 2,554 (0.8) | 117(0.3) | <0.001 |
| HF medications | ||||
| ACEi/ARB | 247,070 (66.3) | 217,021 (65.5) | 30,049 (72.0) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 251,300 (67.4) | 216,675 (65.4) | 34,625 (83.0) | <0.001 |
| ASA | 196,245 (52.6) | 170,509 (51.5) | 25,736 (61.7) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (range).
SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; TZD, thiazolidinedione; AGI, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; HF, heart failure; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockade; ASA, aspirin.
a
Drug that was first prescribed and billed after hospitalization for heart failure.