Skip to main content
. 2022 Mar 8;46(5):781–802. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0189

Table 2.

Demographic and type 2 diabetes mellitus characteristics for studies included in meta-analysis

No. Study Total No. Age, yr Male, % T2DM duration, yr Oral No. Insulin No. Medication, % Serum insulin, μU/mL HbA1c, % Fasting glucose, mmol/L MRI strength Measurement
1 Ajilore et al. (2010) [22] 46 56.6±8.4 28.3 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 20 55.2±8.2 25.0 5.6±1.1
T2DM 26 57.8±8.5 30.8 9.8±8.2 7.1±1.1
2 Ajilore et al. (2015) [23] 56 55.7±9.8 32.1 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 32 53.5±10.3 28.1 5.5±0.4
T2DM 24 58.9±8.3 37.5 9.7±7.8 7±1.1
3 Bruehl et al. (2009I) [26] 30 59.8±8 60.0 1.5 Volumetry (manual)
Normal 12 63.0±6.8 66.7 6.9±3.3 5.3±0.5 4.5±0.5
T2DM 18 57.7±8.2 55.6 5.9±3.7 17 94.4 19.6±13.1 8±2 7.5±3
4 Bruehl et al. (2009II) [27] 88 59.5±8.1 52.3 1.5 Volumetry (manual)
Normal 47 60.0±8.0 51.1 5.6±1.7 5.2±0.4 4.5±0.5
T2DM 41 59.0±8.4 53.7 7±6.4 14.1±10.4 7.9±1.8 7.8±2.9
5 Brundel et al. (2010) [28] 86 69.3±4.9 46.5 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 30 68.1±4.3 43.3 5.7±0.5 5.6±0.8
T2DM 56 70.0±5.2 48.2 13.6±6.8 27 48.2 8.1±6.8 7.1±1 8.3±3
6 Brundel et al. (2014) [29] 97 70.7±4.3 57.7 3.0 Volumetry (manual; automated)
Normal 49 71.1±4.5 61.2 5.7±0.4 5.6±0.7
T2DM 48 70.3±4.1 54.2 11±9.3 6.8±0.8 8±2
7 Callisaya et al. (2019) [30] 705 70.4±7.4 57.1 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 357 72.5±7.1 53.2 5.6±0.3 5.3±0.5
T2DM 348 68.2±7.0 60.1 9.5±9.4 234 71 67.2 7.2±1.2 7.7±2.3
8 Chen et al. (2012) [32] 32 60.4±7 75.0 1.5 VBM
Normal 16 59.6±6.1 75.0
T2DM 16 61.2±7.8 75.0 13.2±5.6
9 Chen et al. (2014) [33] 22 58.7±2.5 27.3 3.0 VBM
Normal 11 56.2 27.3
T2DM 11 61.2 27.3 13.9 8.3±1.9 9.9±2.4
10 Chen et al. (2017) [34] 47 58.8±8.1 51.1 3.0 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 24 57.0±7.5 50.0 8.8±4.5 5.8±0.2 5.3±0.3
T2DM 23 60.8±8.3 52.2 8.9±4.8 23 12 100.0 12.3±5.8 8.6±2.2 9±2.7
11 Climie et al. (2014) [35] 80 57.5±10.1 45.0 1.5 Volumetry (manual; semi-auto; automated)
Normal 40 52.0±8.0 47.5 2.4±4.7 5.5±0.3 4.7±0.4
T2DM 40 63.0±9.0 42.5 6±6 10.2±8.6 7.2±0.8 7.5±1.8
12 Cox et al. (2019) [36] 9,722 62.0±7.5 47.5 3.0 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 9,246 61.8±7.5 46.6
T2DM 476 64.5±6.9 65.1
13 Cui et al. (2014) [37] 69 65.4±9.3 49.3 3.0 VBM
Normal 26 65.2±10.2 53.8 5.7±0.3 5.0±0.6
T2DM 43 65.5±8.7 42.5 13.3±6.8 34 11 79.1 7.1±1.1 6.9±2.6
14 Cui et al. (2017) [38] 81 59.2±6.8 42.0 3.0 VBM
Normal 41 57.9±6.5 31.7 5.6±0.3 5.4±0.3
T2DM 40 60.5±6.9 52.5 8.9±5 8 20.0 7.7±1.6 7.8±2.1
15 de Bresser et al. (2018) [40] 83 65.3±5.1 45.8 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 28 64.2±4.3 42.9
T2DM 55 65.9±5.4 47.3 9.5±6.6 31 56.4 7.0±1.1 5.6±0.6
16 Espeland et al. (2013) [11] 1,366 78.5±0.2 0.0 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 1,221 78.6±0.1 0.0
T2DM 145 78.1±0.3 0.0
17 Fang et al. (2019) [43] 67 33.1±5.2 64.2 3.0 VBM
Normal 32 34.1±4.8 59.4 5.5±0.3 4.8±0.5
T2DM 35 32.1±5.3 68.6 1 33 25 94.2 10.4±2.4 8.5±3.8
18 Gold et al. (2007) [46] 46 59.5±8.5 47.8 1.5 Volumetry (automated); VBM
Normal 23 59.9±8.6 47.8 5.1±0.4 4.5±0.5
T2DM 23 59.2±8.4 47.8 6±6.3 6.9±0.8 6.7±1.8
19 Hempel et al. (2012) [47] 87 59.4±11.7 52.9 1.5 Volumetry (manual)
Normal 47 60.0±11.3 51.1 5.6±2.5 5.2±0.5 4.5±0.7
T2DM 40 58.9±12.2 55.0 14.6±14.9 7.7±2.3 7.7±3.9
20 Hsu et al. (2012) [50] 137 56.3±4.9 57.7 1.5 VBM
Normal 97 56.2±4.7 55.7 5.5±0.3 5.0±0.6
T2DM 40 56.8±5.5 62.5 5.1±4.7 29 72.5 7.7±1.7 7.8±2.4
21 Jongen et al. (2007) [51] 145 65.5±5.6 47.6 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 46 64.9±5.6 43.5 5.5±0.3
T2DM 99 65.9±5.6 49.5 8.7±6.1 29 29.3 6.8±1.2
22 Kumar et al. (2008I) [52] 467 62.6±1.1 51.8 1.5 VBM; Volumetry (manual)
Normal 428 62.6±1.5 51.2
T2DM 39 62.6±1.2 59.0 19 7 49
23 Kumar et al. (2008II) [53] 51 55.5±9.1 23.5 9.8±8.2 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 25 53.2±9.1 20.0 5.3±0.4
T2DM 26 57.9±8.5 26.9 16 9 96.2 7.1±1.1
24 Last et al. (2007) [54] 51 61±7.6 51.0 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 25 60.4±8.6 52.0 5.5±0.4 4.4±0.9
T2DM 26 61.6±6.6 50.0 12.9±11.3 7.1±0.1 7.4±4.3
25 Li et al. (2016) [57] 429 74.3±0.5 49.7 1.5, 3.0 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 398 74.3±0.4 48.0
T2DM 31 74.8±1.3 71.0
26 Luchsinger et al. (2020) [61] 250 64.1±3.5 28.0 73.0 7.6±1.7 3.0 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 139 63.7±3.4 24.6 5.4±0.2
T2DM 111 64.7±3.5 33.3 7.6±1.7
27 Maldijan et al. (2013) [62] 200 67.6±9.3 19.0 1.5 Volumetry (manual; automated)
Normal 100 67.5±9.4 15.0 5.9±0.3
T2DM 100 67.7±9.2 23.0 7.6±1.4
28 Moran et al. (2016) [65] 451 69.5±7.2 56.8 1.5 VBM
Normal 181 72.9±6.7 53.6 5.6±0.3 5.3±0.6
T2DM 270 67.3±6.7 58.9 53 19.6 7.1±1.2 7.7±2.1
29 Musen et al. (2012) [66] 21 54.9±2.2 66.7 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 11 54.0±1.8 63.6 11.9±2.1 5.6±0.1 4.8±0.2
T2DM 10 56.0±2.2 70.0 6.1±0.9 19.7±3.6 7.5±0.5 8.4±1.3
30 Qiu et al. (2014) [69] 4,206 76.1±5.3 41.6 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 3,744 76.2±5.4 39.9
T2DM 462 76.0±5.1 55.2
31 Raffield et al. (2016) [70] 784 65.8±9.8 45.9 1.5, 3.0 VBM
Normal 102 66.7±10.0 34.3 3 2.9 5.9±0.3 5.4±0.6
T2DM 682 65.8±9.8 47.7 15.2±7.7 445 227 65.3 7.5±1.4 8.2±3.0
32 Redel et al. (2018) [71] 40 16.7±2.3 25.0 3.0 VBM
Normal 20 16.7±2.6 25.0
T2DM 20 16.7±2.0 25.0
33 Reinhard et al. (2012) [72] 46 54.1±13.2 82.6 3.0 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 26 52.0±15.0 80.8
T2DM 20 57.0±10.0 85.0 12.0±6.0 18 14 90.0 7.9
34 Rensma et al. (2020) [73] 2135 74.5±4.6 41.7 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 1,938 74.5±4.6 41.4 5.6±0.3
T2DM 197 74.6±4.3 52.3 6.5±0.9
35 Samaras et al. (2014) [21] 312 78.4±4.7 51.6 3.0 Volumetry (automated); VBM
Normal 279 78.4±4.8 53.0
T2DM 33 78.4±4.7 39.4
36 Sun et al. (2018) [78] 36 66.9±5.2 33.3 3.0 VBM
Normal 24 66.7±5.4 16.7
T2DM 12 67.3±4.7 66.7 7.9±5.3
37 Suzuki et al. (2019) [79] 8,312 62.3±7.4 47.6 3.0 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 7,912 62.2±7.4 46.8
T2DM 400 64.8±7.0 63.5
38 Walsh et al. (2019) [80] 399 64.4±9.7 46.9 1.5 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 353 63.7±9.6 45.0 5.4±0.2
T2DM 46 70.0±8.7 60.9 7.5±2.7
39 Wood et al. (2016) [81] 44 59.5±5.3 45.5 3.0 VBM
Normal 22 59.5±5.3 36.4 5.7±0.8
T2DM 22 59.5±5.3 54.5 10.1±9.7 20 4 90.9 7.0±1.5
40 Yau et al. (2014) [82] 96 58.7±8 44.8 1.5 Volumetry (manual)
Normal 50 58.8±7.9 44.0 5.3±0.4 4.3±0.5
T2DM 46 58.8±8.2 7.5±6.7 7.8±1.8 7.9±3
41 Zhang et al. (2014) [83] 54 53.9±9.3 48.1 3.0 VBM
Normal 29 55.5±9.1 41.4
T2DM 25 52.2±9.2 56.0 6.4±5.3 7.3±1.3
42 Zhang et al. (2015) [84] 160 57.6±9.6 40.0 3.0 Volumetry (automated)
Normal 80 57.8±10.3 36.3 5.6±0.4
T2DM 80 57.5±9.0 43.8 7.0±6.7 7.5±1.5

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; VBM, voxel-based morphometry.