Table 1.
A summary of functional lncRNAs involved in viral infection and cytokine storm in COVID-19.
| LncRNA | Function |
|---|---|
| LncRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 viral infection | |
| NEAT1 | Upregulated in the lung tissue of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Laha et al., 2021) |
| MALAT1 | May be a potential biomarker of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Vishnubalaji et al., 2020) |
| HOTAIRM1/PVT1 /AL392172.1 | Bind to the SARS-CoV-2 genome with the high affinity (Moazzam-Jazi et al., 2021) |
| TTTY15 | Regulates proteolysis, ubiquitin dependent catabolism (Lei et al., 2019) |
| TPTEP1 | Inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation (Ding et al., 2019) |
| LncRNA H19 | Binds to the 5′UTR of SARSCoV-2 genome and modulates the Spike transcript (Natarelli et al., 2021) |
| LncRNAs regulate cytokine storm in COVID-19 | |
| MALAT1 | Induces inflammatory responses and release of IL-6 and TNF-α (Li et al., 2018) |
| DANCR | Regulates ncRNA-mRNA network in inflammation (Li et al., 2018) |
| HOTAIR | Regulates activation of NF-κB and IL-6 and iNOS expression (Obaid et al., 2018) |
| NEAT1 | Promotes activation of inflammasomes in macrophages (Zhang et al., 2019) |
| NORAD | Binds with IL-6, IL-10, CSF3, TNF-a and CXCL10 (Morenikeji et al., 2020) |
| RAD51-AS1 | Leads to expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Morenikeji et al., 2020) |