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. 2022 Apr 1;48(5):4205–4213. doi: 10.1007/s00068-022-01962-7

Table 2.

Indications for endotracheal intubation, grouped by type of provider performing the procedure

All intubations
(n = 3632)
HEMS physician
(n = 2758)
HEMS nurse
(n = 247)
Ambulance nurse
(n = 1052)
n n n N
ETI indication
 Glasgow Coma Scale < 8 3214 1576 (49.0) 2459 1223 (49.8) 224 120 (53.6) 923 351 (38.0)
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 1345 (41.8) 989 (40.2) 75 (33.5) 535 (58.0)
 (Partial) airway obstruction 189 (5.9) 164 (6.7) 20 (8.9) 16 (1.7)
 Severe agitation 51 (1.6) 42 (1.7) 6 (2.7) 6 (0.7)
 Airway oedema 40 (1.2) 32 (1.3) 2 (0.9) 10 (1.1)
 Foreign body 13 (0.4) 9 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 5 (0.5)
Intubation prior to HEMS arrival 1270 246 (19.4) N.A N.A N.A N.A 1052 246 (23.4)

Data are shown as n (%)

ETI endotracheal intubation, HEMS Helicopter Emergency Medical Services, N.A. not applicable