Fig. 1. Comparison of dimensions of childhood adversity.

Here we show dimensions of adversity assessed in this study (Maltreatment/Household Dysfunction) compared to the dimensions of Threat/Deprivation as assessed by Sumner et al. In parentheses, we show the scales utilized to create these composite scores. Individual items incorporated into each of these domains are shown in the center with arrows indicating to which dimensions they belong. Threat and Deprivation have been assessed using a multi-modal approach, while our study assessed exposures with the commonly utilized Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) questionnaire. We observed that Threat and Maltreatment are highly overlapping with the major differences being inclusion of neglect items and exclusion of witnessing IPV item into the dimension of Maltreatment. Peer victimization (PV) was not assessed in this study as we did not utilize the Violence Exposure Scale-Revised (VEX-R) which provides a measure of different types of peer victimizations experiences. Household Dysfunction and Deprivation were assessed utilizing different scales. ^#Emotional neglect was assessed in distinct ways between these studies. Specifically, the ACEs/CTQ assesses subjective appraisals of emotional neglect. In prior studies which utilized the Threat/Deprivation framework, emotional neglect was specifically assessed using the Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse (CECA) which assesses neglectful behaviors (rather than an appraisal of the distant experience of neglect). Cognitive stimulation was assessed using Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME-SF).