Table 2.

Fetal electrocardiogram outcomes by stage of labor and diabetic status

First stage of labor	Pregestational DM N=95	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	GDM N=370	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	No DM (Referent) N=4971
ST depression	14 (15)	2.96 (1.62, 5.42)	2.20 (1.14, 4.24)	35 (9.5)	1.74 (1.20, 2.55)	1.51 (1.02, 2.25)	283 (5.7)
ST elevation (no depression)	31 (33)	1.09 (0.69, 1.72)	0.79 (0.48, 1.30)	123 (33.2)	1.02 (0.81, 1.29)	0.91 (0.71, 1.17)	1698 (34.2)
Second stage of labor	Pregestational DM N=64			GDM N=289			No DM (Referent) N=4074
ST depression	0 (0)	n/a	n/a	10 (3.5)	1.80 (0.92, 3.52)	2.01 (1.02, 3.98)	81 (2.0)
ST elevation (no depression)	19 (30)	1.91 (1.11, 3.28)	1.81 (1.02, 3.22)	55 (19.0)	1.11 (0.82, 1.51)	1.06 (0.77, 1.47)	723 (17.8)

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; DM = diabetes mellitus; GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus; N/A, not available; OR, odds ratio

Data presented as n (%), unless otherwise noted. Statistically significant associations (P<0.05) are displayed in bold. Odds ratios adjusted for maternal race and ethnicity, insurance type, education, and duration of fetal ECG monitoring. No DM is the referent group.