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. 2022 May 11;12(10):3822–3842. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.002

Figure 4.

Figure 4

OMV formation, structure, and function. Gram-negative bacteria secrete OMVs by outward budding of their outer membrane. OMV potentially antigenic or pro-inflammatory factors, including their surface lipopolysaccharide and membrane proteins, and luminal cargoes of DNA, RNA, peptidoglycan and others factors, allowing them to serve as adjuvants that can be engineered display specific antigens and serve an antigen/adjuvant co-delivery platform for vaccine development.