TABLE 2.
Genes controlling stigma exsertion in rice.
| Genes | Trait | Interval/section | Source | References |
| qPEST-5; qPEST-8 | Percentage of exserted stigma | qPEST-5: chromosome 5 (R2289∼R1553); qPEST-8: chromosome 8 (G1149∼G1963) | Dongxiang (common wild rice) | Li et al., 2001 |
| qPES-1a; qPES-1b | Percentage of exserted stigma | qPES-1a: chromosome 1 (RM490∼RM259); qPES-1b: chromosome 1 (RM472∼RM104) | Zhenshan 97B (commercial cytoplasmic male sterility maintainer) | Yu et al., 2006 |
| qES3 | Percentage of exserted stigma | chromosome 3 (D83726 BstZ17I∼T86) | IR24 (indica rice variety) | Miyata et al., 2007 |
| qPSE-2; qPES-5; qSPES-8 | Percentage of exserted stigma | qPSE-2: chromosome 2 (RM1285∼RM12595); qPES-5: chromosome 5 (RM17952∼RM18114); qSPES-8: chromosome 8 (RM8020∼RM7080) | You 1B (indica rice variety) | Deng et al., 2010 |
| GS3 | Stigma elongation | chromosome 3 (IND120∼HJ40) | IR24 (indica rice variety) | Takano-Kai et al., 2011 |
| qSe1; qSe6 | Percentage of exserted stigma | qSe1: chromosome 1 (RM10105∼RM283); qSe6: chromosome 2 (RM253∼RM4-1) | Chuanxiang 29A (superior rice cultivar) | Li et al., 2014 |
| qPSES5; qPDES-5 | Percentage of exserted stigma |
qPSES5: chromosome 5 (RM3575∼RM3351); qPDES-5: chromosome 5 (RM3575∼RM3351) |
K17B, Huhan1B (indica cytoplasmic male sterility maintainer) | Lou et al., 2014 |
| qSTL3 | Stigma length | 19.8-kb region in the middle of the short arm of chromosome 3 | Kasalath (indicia cultivar) | Liu Q. et al., 2015 |
| qSSE10; qSSE11; qDSE10; qDSE11; qTSE6; qTSE10; qTSE11 | Single-stigma exsertion; Dual-stigma exsertion | qSSE10: chromosome 10 (InD133); qSSE11: chromosome 11 (RM286); qDSE10: chromosome 10 (InD133); qDSE11: chromosome 11 (RM286); qTSE6: chromosome 6 (InD94); qTSE10: chromosome 10 (InD133); qTSE11: chromosome 11 (RM286) | XieqingzaoB (O. sativa sp. indica Kato) | Rahman et al., 2017a |
| qSSE5; qTSE5 | Single-stigma exsertion; Dual-stigma exsertion |
qSSE5: chromosome 5 (RM3638); qTSE5: chromosome 5 (RM3638) |
XieqingzaoB (O. sativa sp. indica Kato) | Rahman et al., 2017a |
| qSE11 | Percentage of exserted stigma | a 350.7-kb region located on chromosome 11 (InD144∼RM5704) | XieqingzaoB (O. sativa sp. indica Kato) | Rahman et al., 2017b |
| GW2; GW5 |
GW2: a 103-kb region on chromosome 3 (Tw35293∼RM266); GW5: a 21-kb genomic DNA region between CAPS markers Cw5 and Cw6 on chromosome 5 |
Teqing (indica rice variety), IR24 (indica rice variety) | Weng et al., 2008; Zhou et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2020 | |
| qPSES -3; qPDES -3; qPES -3 | Percentage of exserted stigma | qPSES -3: chromosome 3 (RM5488∼I-3-21); qPDES -3: chromosome 3 (I-3-18∼RM5488); qPES -3: chromosome 3 (RM5488∼I-3-21) | Gui2136S (indica rice) | Zhang H. et al., 2018 |
| qSE7 | Percentage of exserted stigma | a 1000-kb region located on chromosome 7 (RM5436∼RM5499) | XieqingzaoB (O. sativa sp. indica Kato) | Zhang K. et al., 2018 |
| qSER3; qSER8 | Percentage of exserted stigma |
qSER3: chromosome 3 (C5-indel2400); qSER8: chromosome 8 (C5-indel6873) |
W0120 (O. rufipogon accession) | Bakti and Tanaka, 2019 |
| qSER-7 | Percentage of exserted stigma | a 28.4-kb region on chromosome 7 (RM3859∼Indel4373) | II-32B (indica cytoplasmic male sterility maintainer) | Liu et al., 2019 |
| qSER-3.1 | Percentage of exserted stigma | a 3.9-Mb genomic region spanning 28.2∼32.1 Mb on chromosome 3 | ZS616 (indica doubled haploid line) | Xu S. et al., 2019 |
| qSERb3-1; qSERb6-1; qSERb12-1 | Percentage of exserted stigma |
qSERb3-1: chromosome 3 (PSM377∼RM487); qSERb6-1: chromosome 6 (RM589∼RM253); qSERb12-1: chromosome 12 (RM260∼RM309) |
AA genome wild rice species | Zou et al., 2020 |
| qTSE3-1; qTSE3-2; qTSE6-2; qTSE11-1 | Percentage of exserted stigma |
qTSE3-1: chromosome 3 (RM1350∼RM15466); qTSE3-2: chromosome 3 (RM1350∼RM15466); qTSE6-2: chromosome 6 (RM20615∼ RM19569); qTSE11-1 on chromosome 11 (RM27183∼RM26213); |
IR68897B (early duration maintainer line) | Gouri et al., 2021 |
| qSER-2a; qSER-2b; qSER-3a; qSER-3b | Percentage of exserted stigma |
qSER-2a: chromosome 2 (ID02M23∼RM3732); qSER-2b: chromosome 2 (ID02MQ51∼ID03M81); qSER-3a: chromosome 3 (ID61∼ID03M81); qSER-3b: chromosome 3 (ID03M141-16∼ID03Ma31) |
AA-genome Oryza species | Tan et al., 2021 |
| qSER-5; qSER-1b; qSER-8b; qSER-3 | Percentage of exserted stigma |
qSER-5: chromosome 5 (ID05M12∼ ID05M16); qSER-1b: chromosome 1 (ID01M92∼RM7318); qSER-8b: chromosome 8 (ID08M42∼ ID08M47); qSER-3: chromosome 3 (ID03Ma1-1∼ ID03Ma07) |
O. glaberrima | Tan et al., 2022b |
| qSER3a-sat | Percentage of exserted stigma | chromosome 3 (PSM16∼ID03M59-6) | O. glaberrima | Tan et al., 2022a |
| qSE4 | Percentage of exserted stigma | within 410.4 kb between markers RM17157∼RM17227 on chromosome 4 | D50 (tropical japonica rice) | Guo et al., 2022 |
| qDSE1;qDSE8 | Percentage of exserted stigma |
qDSE1: chromosome 1 (RM490∼RM259); qDSE8: chromosome 8 (RM152∼RM52) |
Zhenshan 97B (commercial cytoplasmic male sterility maintainer) | Liu et al., 2022 |