Fig. 4.

Possible mechanisms of action of statins and aerobic exercise in lowering postprandial triglyceridemia. Green arrows indicate stimulation; red lines indicate inhibition. The statin mechanisms encompass gut-derived apolipoproteins alteration, upregulation of hepatic LDLR and LPL in peripheral tissues, decrease in liver cholesterol synthesis, and increase in circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins clearance. The exercise mechanisms involve the activation of skeletal muscle LPL and the increase in triglyceride content of liver-derived VLDL-c particles. Apo = apolipoprotein; FFA = free fatty acid; IDL-c = intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; LDL-c = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLR = low-density lipoprotein receptor; LPL = lipoprotein lipase; TG = triglyceride; VLDL-c = very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.