TABLE 1.

Stages of heart failure

Stage	Description according to the 2001 ACC/AHA guidelines for HF 7	Description according to the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of HF 9
Stage A	Patients at high risk for HF but without structural heart disease or symptoms of HF.	At risk for HF:Patients at risk for HF but without symptoms, structural heart disease, or cardiac biomarkers of injury or stretch.
Stage B	Patients with structural heart disease but without symptoms.	Pre‐HF:Patients with no symptoms or signs of HF but with evidence of 1 of the following: structural heart disease, evidence of increased filling pressures or patients with risk factors and increased levels of B‐type natriuretic peptides or persistently elevated cardiac troponin in the absence of several conditions.
Stage C	Patients with structural heart disease and prior or current symptoms.	Symptomatic HF: Patients with structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF.
Stage D	Patients with refractory HF requiring specialized intervention.	Advanced HF: Patients with marked symptoms that interfere with daily life and lead to recurrent hospitalizations despite attempts to optimize guideline‐directed medical therapy.

Abbreviations: ACC/AHA, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; AHA/ACC/HFSA, American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America; HF, heart failure.