TABLE 1.

The prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) (modified from 2016 European Society Practice Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of PA ²² )

Patient group	Prevalence
Moderate/severe hypertension: ✓ The prevalence rates are from Mosso and coworkers 70 and others have reported similar estimates 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 listed in table 2. ✓ The classification of BP for adults (aged > 18 years) was based on the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. 75 ✓ The three stages of hypertension: A. Stage 1 = SBP 140–159 mm Hg, DBP 90–99 mm Hg B. Stage 2 = SBP 160–179 mm Hg, DBP 100–109 mm Hg C. Stage 3 = SBP > 180 mm Hg, DBP ≧110 mm Hg 76 D. If SBP and DBP were in different categories, the higher category was selected for classification.	Overall prevalence: 6.1% Stage 1 (mild): 2% Stage 2 (moderate): 8% Stage 3 (severe): 13%
Resistant hypertension ✓ SBP > 140 mm Hg and DBP > 90 mm Hg despite treatment with three hypertensive medications 29 , 32 , 77 , 78 , 79	The prevalence of PA is often positively correlated with severity of hypertension and the reports showed 17%–23%.
Hypertensive patients with spontaneous or diuretic‐induced hypokalemia.	The prevalence of PA in patients with hypertension and serum K < 3.7 mmol/l is 28.1% and rises up to 88.5% in patients with spontaneous hypokalemia of less than 2.5 mmol/l. 37
Hypertension with adrenal incidentaloma 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ✓ An adrenal mass detected incidentally during imaging performed for extra‐adrenal reasons.	Median, 2% (range, 1.1%–10%).
Hypertension with obstructive sleep apnea 60 , 67	34% among newly hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.