TABLE 2.
The detailed prevalence of PA in hypertensive patients (modified from Nishikawa Study 25 )
| Author (year) | Patients | Screening test | Confirmatory test for diagnostic examination | Prevalence of PA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gordon and coworkers 86 (1994) | 199 hypertensive patients | ARR > 30 seated for 5 min medication was continued | FST | 8.5% |
| Komiya and coworkers 87 (1996) | 741 hypertensive patients | 4.2% | ||
| Lim and coworkers 88 (2000) | 495 hypertensive patients |
ARR > 27 sitting for 10 min medication was stopped |
FST and salt loading test | 9.2% |
| Fardella and coworkers 76 (2000) | 305 hypertensive patients |
ARR > 50 and PAC > 16 ng/dl sitting for 15 min |
FST | 9.5% |
| Loh and coworkers 89 (2000) | 350 hypertensive patients |
ARR > 20 and PAC > 15 ng/dl seated for 15 min medication was continued |
Salt loading test | 4.6% |
| Rossi and coworkers 73 (2002) | 1065 hypertensive patients |
Post‐captopril ARR > 35 seated for 90 min |
Salt loading test | 6.3% |
| Strauch and coworkers 74 (2003) | 402 patients | ARR > 50 | 19% | |
| Mulatero and coworkers 90 (2004) | ||||
| Mulatero and coworkers | 7343 hypertensive patients | ARR > 40 and PAC > 15 ng/dl | Salt loading test | 8% |
| Young and coworkers | 1112 hypertensives | ARR > 20 and PAC > 15 ng/dl | Salt loading test | 10.8% |
| Stowesser and coworkers | ARR > 30 | FST | 21.7% | |
| Loh and coworkers | 3850 patients | ARR > 20 | Salt loading test | 4.6% |
| Nishikawa & Omura 25 (2000) ; Omura and coworkers 91 (2004) | 1020 hypertensives patients |
PAC > 12 ng/dl and PRA < 1.0 ng/ml/h rested in spine position for 30 min without medication |
ACTH‐AVS | 5.4%–6% |
| Williams and coworkers 72 (2006) | 346 patients | ARR > 25 and PAC > 8 ng/dl | Urinary aldosterone excretion | 3.2% |
| Mosso and coworkers 70 (2003) | 609 hypertensive patients | ARR > 25 | FST | 6.1% |
| Hannemann 71 and coworkers (2012) | 280 patients | 7% |
Abbreviations: ARR, aldosterone‐renin ratio; FST, fludrocortisone‐suppression test; PAC, plasma aldosterone concentration; PRA, plasma rennin activity.