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. 2022 Sep 2;28(11):1733–1747. doi: 10.1111/cns.13905

FIGURE 8.

FIGURE 8

Regulatory mechanism of hypoxic glioma‐derived EVs in glioma. Hypoxic glioma‐derived EVs harboring miR‐10b‐5p into macrophages reduced NEDD4L expression, thus diminishing the promotion of NEDD4L on the ubiquitylation and degradation of PIK3CA and increasing PIK3CA expression to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway. In this way, M2 polarization of macrophages was promoted, ultimately potentiating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells